3.1.4.1 General properties of Proteins Flashcards
What monomers are proteins made up of?
Amino acids
What is the amine group?
NH2
What is the carboxyl group?
COOH
Which part of the amino acid determines which type of amino acid it is out of 20?
R / variable group
How do monomers join to form the primary structure of a protein
Condensation reaction between amino acid to form peptide bonds. H from amine group of one amino acid and O+H from carboxyl group of another are removed as water. These amino acids are arranged in a specific sequence that determines the protein formed
What is the side chain/variable group?
R
How is a peptide bond formed?
From a condensation reaction between two amino acids
What is a dipepetide?
The product of condensation of two amino acids
What is a polypeptide?
The product of condensation of many amino acids
When is a protein functional?
3°-4° sequence
Contains one or more polypeptide
What is an enzyme?
A type of protein that acts as a catalyst which speeds up reaction by lowering the activation energy through providing an alternate pathway without being used up
What is the 1° of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
What is the 2° of a protein?
The specific 3D shape that the protein takes due to hydrogen bonding between the amino acids e.g. α-helices and β-pleated sheets
What is the 3° of a protein?
The 3D arrangement of a protein when the polypeptide chain coils around
What is the 4° of a protein?
A complex composed of multiple polypeptide chains along with prosthetic groups (helps protein to function)
