3.4.1 and 3.4.2

Question 1

Punnett squares

Answer 1

diagrams used to determine the expected ratio of genotypes and phenotypes in offspring of parents with known genotypes

Question 2

monohybrid cross

Answer 2

only 1 characteristic investigated

Question 3

co-dominance

Answer 3

neither of the alleles is recessive, both impact the phenotype

Question 4

laws of inheritance (mendel’s law) key components

Answer 4

1. law of segregation
2. law of independent assortment
3. law of dominance

Question 5

law of segregation and exception

Answer 5

the inheritance of each characteristic is controlled by a pair of alleles in an individual

the 2 alleles separated in meiosis=each gamete contain only 1 allele for each gene

Alleles=passed down from 1 generation to the next as distinct units…. EXCEPTION for genes at sex chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA, which is only inerited from the mom

Question 6

law of independent assortment and exception

Answer 6

allele inherited for 1 trait won’t affect which allele inherited for any other trait

a gamete= contain 1 copy of each gene

which copy the gamete receives in meiosis depends on random orientation of homologous chromosomes in metaphase I

exception: genes whose loci is close together on the same chromosome is called (linked genes)

Question 7

law of dominance and exception

Answer 7

if organism has 2 different alleles, one allele will determine the trait

the allele that determines the trait will be dominant and the unexpressed allele will be recessive

exception: patterns of inheritance other than dominant recessive, such as co-dominance

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

short stretches of DNA that influence a particular characteristic

Question 9

gametes

Answer 9

the male and the female produce special reproductive cells

Question 10

zygote

Answer 10

diploid cell formed from fertilisation of sperm and egg

AKA fertilised egg/start of a new organism