3.4 Flashcards
What are the police’s social control responsibilities?
Public safety, crime 🛑 advice, 🎯 (target) certain crimes, counter terrorism 💣 work (detecting, investigating, 🛑 preventing)
What are the positives of the police?
Safety for public, arrest people, collect evidence, easily identifiable 👮♂️, present case to CPS
What are negatives of the police?
Typifications, lack of 💵 (funding), abuse of power, opinion based= what’s a crime
What are positives of police statistics?
Police priorities =m⬆️ reliable, raise public awareness, focus on resources + where they’re needed
What are negatives of police statistics?
Class bias, racial bias, dark figure of crime
What are the strengths: statistics (police) ?
Police recorded crime= increased:
Police m⬆️ efficient at investigating crime ⛓️
Better relations between society+ police
2014-> Office of national stats ‘recording of ⛓️not to standards’, police made 🔄 (changes)
What are limitations of police Efficiency?
Crime= rising according to police stats ie: PRC-> £4.5M 2016 to £5.8M 2020
🔪+ 🔫 crime rising
Police clear up rates= falling, 2015= 15% cases person = ⚖️ ( convicted), 7% 2020
Police ❌ investigate large nu of offences ie: severe-> Goverment 💵 ✂️ (funding cuts)
What are offences of public concern?
HM inspector police report-> 2017, found flaws in police performance - DA (domestic abuse):
Arrest rate ⬇️
Police ❌ using bail conditions to protect victims 👥
Staff shortages delay to responding to issues- 👥= ⚠️ (risk)
What were the positive Alf public concern?
m⬆️ cases of DA reported
HM inspector report 2017= policies approach to DA = better
What are positives of the judiciary? 👨⚖️
Follow statutory interpretation: mischief, golden 🥇, literal rule
😁 training + expertise, sentence ppl to prison/ probation
What are negatives of the 👨⚖️?
Racism, time consuming, gender + class bias
What are negatives of Gender in the 👨⚖️?
68% 👨⚖️= ♂, give sentences in favour of men
ie: Judge Lofer pickles sentenced man -> probation, SA 6yr old
1990- sentenced 19yr single mother 🤰-> 6 moths prison for theft
What are negatives of the judiciary’s background?
68% judges= male, < 50% 👨⚖️= 50+
Only 7% 👨⚖️ from minority backgrounds-> underrepresented
2022 report: judiciary institutionally racist
What’s an example of a case of class bias?
Laviana Woodward: Oxford 🩺 student, affluent background, 👨⚖️ gave her a lenient sentence for stabbing bf when she was 🍾 at Oxford
What are positives of 👨⚖️?
Out of touch- keeps them impartial + independent from publics views/opinions
What are negatives of 👨⚖️?
❌ reflect public opinion, ❌ understand what’s happening day to day for ppl.
Scheme in place, argues 👨⚖️ too lenient with sentences-> sentence reviewed via ‘unduly lenient sentence scheme’ ie: 2018, 99/140 sentences ⬆️
When do judges impose unduly harsh sentences?
In riots + moral panic -> deter ppl
What are the positives of the CPS?
Independant body, prepare cases for court, full code test w evidential test, threshold test, work with 👮♀️
What are negatives of the CPS?
Too swayed by 👮♀️
Failures of cases of Abu Hamza+ Lord Janner (bias)
How is the CPS successful?
Independence- full code test has evidential test- realistic prospect of conviction
In 3 months, prosecution of 80,000 in crown, around 80% cases = convicted ⛓️
What are issues with disclosure in the CPS?
Many cases collapsing-> ❌ CPS + 👮♀️ to discover new evidence/ disclose them. ie: Text messages on victims/ defendants 📱
Result of disclosure, 2021 June-> 1648 cases collapsed , m⬆️ than x2 in 2015/16
CPS- proper disclosure important for fair trial, criminal JS ❌ getting it right
What are the problems with the CPS?
Budget cuts- COS budget cuts of 25%, lost 1/3 of staff
Too close to the police
Poor communication with relevant parties
Slow in proceeding cases
What are case examples of ineffectiveness of the CPS?
Lord Janner, Abu Hamza= failure of full code test
What are positives of the prison service?
Keep criminal out of society, rehabilitation, deters criminals, retribution
What are negatives of the prison service?
Funding resources, staff, overpopulated, high reoffending rates
What are problems in the prison service?
Staff reducing
80,000 ⛓️ in E + W-> rise to 98,000 in 2026
What are problems in staffing + conditions (prison)?
2010-2018, prison officers ⬇️ 15% due to 💵✂️
2023 1 in 7 prison 👮♀️ left job
⬆️m experienced officers likely to leave -> 2018, 1/3=officers > 2 yrs experience
What are problems of prison safety?
8400 assaults on staff / yr
5 homicides
69 suicides
What are problems of prison disturbances?
HMP Birmingham - worst riots in 25yrs, prison riots over threw staff due to the shortages
What are problems of rehabilitation?
⬆️ nu of prisoners, staff shortages, 💵✂️= lack of rehab/ courses+ education, prison ❌ rehabilitate
What are problems of drugs in prison?
Drug use among prisoners= ⬆️ rapidly , drugs cause aggression + crimes, prisoners behave aggressively ie: cause 🥊 , 🗣️ abuse, crime ⛓️
What are strengths of charities?
People that are 💪 motivated to help, may work m⬆️ for the charity
Help those in need
Raise money
Raise awareness/ educate
What are negatives of charities?
Goverments 💵- goverment only gives money if it’s part of their priority
Difficult to get started
Voluntary
⏰ consuming
Need to work in partnership or work will be ❌ ✅
What are negatives of pressure groups?
Difficult to get started
⏰ consuming
Voluntary
Money + funding needed
What are positives if pressure groups?
Change policies
Raise awareness
Campaign
What is NACRO?
Charity + pressure group , campaigns w other 🏙️ (organisations) ie: ending Friday release
Achieves social control by ➖ reoffending rates, ended Friday release cos offenders m⬆️ offend on Fri.
NACRO have to work extra hard to give 🥷 money 💰
What are limitations of charities?
Limited in financial resources-> funded via voluntary donations -> income may ❌ be guaranteed
Can’t force Goverment to act on what they want, 💼 based on public, raising awareness of aims by media.
