3.4 Flashcards
What are the police’s social control responsibilities?
Public safety, crime 🛑 advice, 🎯 (target) certain crimes, counter terrorism 💣 work (detecting, investigating, 🛑 preventing)
What are the positives of the police?
Safety for public, arrest people, collect evidence, easily identifiable 👮♂️, present case to CPS
What are negatives of the police?
Typifications, lack of 💵 (funding), abuse of power, opinion based= what’s a crime
What are positives of police statistics?
Police priorities =m⬆️ reliable, raise public awareness, focus on resources + where they’re needed
What are negatives of police statistics?
Class bias, racial bias, dark figure of crime
What are the strengths: statistics (police) ?
Police recorded crime= increased:
Police m⬆️ efficient at investigating crime ⛓️
Better relations between society+ police
2014-> Office of national stats ‘recording of ⛓️not to standards’, police made 🔄 (changes)
What are limitations of police Efficiency?
Crime= rising according to police stats ie: PRC-> £4.5M 2016 to £5.8M 2020
🔪+ 🔫 crime rising
Police clear up rates= falling, 2015= 15% cases person = ⚖️ ( convicted), 7% 2020
Police ❌ investigate large nu of offences ie: severe-> Goverment 💵 ✂️ (funding cuts)
What are offences of public concern?
HM inspector police report-> 2017, found flaws in police performance - DA (domestic abuse):
Arrest rate ⬇️
Police ❌ using bail conditions to protect victims 👥
Staff shortages delay to responding to issues- 👥= ⚠️ (risk)
What were the positive Alf public concern?
m⬆️ cases of DA reported
HM inspector report 2017= policies approach to DA = better
What are positives of the judiciary? 👨⚖️
Follow statutory interpretation: mischief, golden 🥇, literal rule
😁 training + expertise, sentence ppl to prison/ probation
What are negatives of the 👨⚖️?
Racism, time consuming, gender + class bias
What are negatives of Gender in the 👨⚖️?
68% 👨⚖️= ♂, give sentences in favour of men
ie: Judge Lofer pickles sentenced man -> probation, SA 6yr old
1990- sentenced 19yr single mother 🤰-> 6 moths prison for theft
What are negatives of the judiciary’s background?
68% judges= male, < 50% 👨⚖️= 50+
Only 7% 👨⚖️ from minority backgrounds-> underrepresented
2022 report: judiciary institutionally racist
What’s an example of a case of class bias?
Laviana Woodward: Oxford 🩺 student, affluent background, 👨⚖️ gave her a lenient sentence for stabbing bf when she was 🍾 at Oxford
What are positives of 👨⚖️?
Out of touch- keeps them impartial + independent from publics views/opinions
What are negatives of 👨⚖️?
❌ reflect public opinion, ❌ understand what’s happening day to day for ppl.
Scheme in place, argues 👨⚖️ too lenient with sentences-> sentence reviewed via ‘unduly lenient sentence scheme’ ie: 2018, 99/140 sentences ⬆️
When do judges impose unduly harsh sentences?
In riots + moral panic -> deter ppl
What are the positives of the CPS?
Independant body, prepare cases for court, full code test w evidential test, threshold test, work with 👮♀️
What are negatives of the CPS?
Too swayed by 👮♀️
Failures of cases of Abu Hamza+ Lord Janner (bias)
How is the CPS successful?
Independence- full code test has evidential test- realistic prospect of conviction
In 3 months, prosecution of 80,000 in crown, around 80% cases = convicted ⛓️
What are issues with disclosure in the CPS?
Many cases collapsing-> ❌ CPS + 👮♀️ to discover new evidence/ disclose them. ie: Text messages on victims/ defendants 📱
Result of disclosure, 2021 June-> 1648 cases collapsed , m⬆️ than x2 in 2015/16
CPS- proper disclosure important for fair trial, criminal JS ❌ getting it right
What are the problems with the CPS?
Budget cuts- COS budget cuts of 25%, lost 1/3 of staff
Too close to the police
Poor communication with relevant parties
Slow in proceeding cases
What are case examples of ineffectiveness of the CPS?
Lord Janner, Abu Hamza= failure of full code test
