3.2 Flashcards
What’s a behavioural tactic?
Designers to change a behaviour + make ppl conform w rules+ norms .
What’s antisocial behaviour?
Behaviour that causes harm, distress+ sometimes involves criminal behaviour
What is crime prevention through environmental design? (CPTED)
Environmental 🍃 focus on making neighbourhood crime resistant: fence, gate, police on street= 0 tolerance, lights
What is situational crime prevention?
Installing CCTV, lock on doors, alarms etc
What’s a defensible space?
A space that can be defended from ⛓️
What is an indefensible space?
Places where Crimes= m⬆️ to happen ie: walkways, stairs as no one protects them
What are prison rules?
Prisons must put rules to keep control+ 🛑 further ⛓️.
Behaviours prohibited: threaten/hurt some1, 🛑 prison staff from doing job.
Punishments if rules broken: locked in cell alone, privileges taken away
What are negatives of token economies?
Short term, ❌ reward for 😁 behaviour when 🥷 leaves prison, no token economies= bad behaviour
What are examples of rewards in prison?
wear own clothes, spend more time out of cell, more visits via family/friends
What are examples of antisocial behaviour?
Exploding cats, smashing windows, setting house on 🔥 -> ASBO given by 👮♀️, 🛑 bad behaviour
What was Hobbs and Holt theory?
Token economy, made to modify behaviour of 125 males in prison, found 😁 behaviour ⬆️with token economies. ie: Bastoy prison
What’s the panopticon prison?
The ideal prison, circular design officers could watch people from watch tower- > prisoners behave better, less officers watch ppl on specific floors, structured so cells open to control tower.
What are gated lanes?
Lockable gates to 🛑 crime, 🛑 offenders getting access to alleyways, 🛑 dog poo 💩,and burglaries
How do gated lanes work?
Physical barrier, ⬆️ effort to do ⛓️, residents close the gates, gates increase residents territoriality
What’s the gated lanes case study?
In Liverpool, 37% ➖ (reduction) in ⛓️in gated area every £1 spent, £1.86 saved in ⛓️-> 3000 gates, 6 yrs
What are limitations of gated lanes?
🛑 🥷, but the person in area can do ⛓️, gated lanes= stop access of emergency services 🚑
What are weaknesses of physical barriers?
⛓️ can happen in community, DA, not all crimes= physical appearance, police 👮♀️ patrol ⬆️h ⛓️ rates than environmental design
What is the New York bus case study?
Bus 🚌 station ❌ ✔️ design, opportunities for ⛓️
Reduced size of large sinks to 🛑 homeless people bathing
Toilet cubicles= smaller
What does probation service do?
Supervises behaviour of 🥷ie: serving community sentence on licence
If offender fails to meet requirement of licence= return to prison ⛓️
What are institutional tactics?
Different organisations= different sanctions. ie: school, home,prison
Courts use tactics to enforce rules + social control
Courts- sentence 🥷 to diff punishments for their offences/⛓️
What is the most common type of crime?
Robbery, knife crime, shop lifting
What are the least reported crimes?
Rape cases= 36% reported June 2024
WCC- 13%
DA- 15.8% 2024
What are speed cameras?
Presence of speed cameras= ✔️ effective in ➖speeds of some drivers
Areas with ❌ 📸 = fast drivers, areas with 📸 = slow drivers
What are examples of prison rules?
Preventing staff from doing job, damaging prison= punishment
Stage discipline used to achieve social control
1st offence= lenient ie caution, 2nd offence= harsh ie stronger sentence
What are gaps in state provision?
Funding- since 2018, ✂️ by 19% for 👮♀️
Existing laws- if there’s a 🆕 behaviour, ❌ law to prosecute ie: cyber bullying
Unreported crime- 40% ⛓️ reported, DA+ SA underreported
New tech- ⏰ consuming to look through 📱 calls, some data= missed
