1.1 Flashcards
What are formal sanctions?
Imposed by official bodies,ie: police, courts.
Punishment for breaking formal laws
What are informal sanctions?
Unspoken rules
ie: forming a queue, tutting in disapproval
What are 2 main sources of the law?
Parliament, the judiciary
What’s the consultation stage?
Goverment makes draft to the bill, ask senior officials ‘make comments’
What’s the first reading?
Goverment tells every1 abt the bill by reading out its title in House of Commons/lords
What’s the 2nd reading?
Main debate stage, MOS+ lords discuss the bill and ask questions to vote on it.
What’s the committee stage?
Smaller groups of MPs/ lords look at the bill in detail + may make changes to the bill if discussed
What’s the report stage?
Changes made during committee stage reported to both houses, MPS/ lords can vote on the changes
What’s the third reading?
Overall consideration of the bill in House of Lords/ commons,final votes to decide if bill goes any further
What’s the bill goes to the other house stage?
Bill goes to other house, suggest changes to the bill, send back till agreement reached. If ❌ agreement, commons vote
What’s royal assent?
Monarch signs off bill as 🆕 law
What’s the judicial process of law making?
Judicial precedent- past decisions of 👩⚖️ to create future law, 👩⚖️s follow principles of what past 👩⚖️s decided in cases before
What’s statutory interpretation?
👩⚖️s rely on interpreting written laws when applying them to cases
What’s the literal rule?
Interpretations= ordinary meanings of words
What’s the golden rule?
Meanings of words be changed in cases where= absurd result, can occur if law interpreted literally.
What’s the mischief rule?
Intention of the law used by 👩⚖️, than the wording, ie: licensing act 1872
What was the licensing act 1872?
Illegal to drive carriage if having drunk alcohol. 👩⚖️s inferred via this- illegal to drive any transport if drank alcohol
What was the Fisher v bell case?
Bell displayed a knife in his shop window for sale, ❌ convicted, literal rule used because he didn’t technically offer the knives for sale.
