3.3 Flashcards
What’s the problem with the rising prison population?
Prison population x2 since 1993-> reoffending
Giving Longer sentences ie: 2018, sentences 26 months longer than 10 yrs ago
Prison= deterrence, re🥷 = recalled to prison
What theorists link to rising prison population?
Right realists- prison works, 🥷 rational actors, fear being jailed = deterrent to ⛓️ (offending)
❌ explain the ⬆️ reoffending rates
Marxists- ❌ surprising unemployed 🥷 ⬆️m to re offend- live on befits ❌ meet their needs
What’s repeat offenders?
The m⬆️ previous ⛓️ (convictions) someone has, m⬆️ to re🥷, men m⬆️ reoffending than females, 🥷 that served > 6 months, m⬆️ to re🥷 than those given a warning ⚠️
Juveniles w short sentence= 74% ⬆️m reoffend, around 40% juveniles= re offend
What’s Civil liberties?
Rights + freedom of citizens to every individual by law
HR: right to education 🏫, right to marry, right to religion
Freedom of Speech 🎤, freedom from detention without trial.
What are HR abuses?
In 👮♀️states, social control agencies ie: police have some restrictions of power-> force citizens 😁 behave
ie:🇹🇷, if prisoner tries to have freedom of speech-> ❌ well, there’s arbitrary killing links to due process.
What are moral imperatives?
Overriding sense of what’s ✅, strong it 🧲 (compels) person to act on it, even if breaking the law.
What are case examples of moral imperatives?
Rosie James + Rosie Wenham did criminal damage to nuclear submarine as it was going to kill thousands.
Kay Gilderdale- Broke law, assisted suicide of daughter ill for 17 yrs
What happened to the defendants in moral imperatives?
Defendants either were acquitted or guilty of less charge
What are the limitations of the environment?
🥷 released from prison, home environment impacts if they stay or ❌ stay out of prison.
🥷 return to same social ⭕️ -> reoffending, ❌ employment 💼 available, prison reform trust 2016: 🥷 📉 likely to offend if they get home visits-> 68% had ❌ such visits
What are limitations of the environment 2?
Fewer than 44% prisons got positive 👍rating by inspectors 2015 for purposeful activity 💼
Only 1 in 4 🥷 had 💼 to go to from prison, 12% employers employed 🥷 in last 3 yrs
What did Durkheim say about moral imperative?
When people act on moral imperative, creating change= ➕ function of crime, ⛓️ essential and can be ➕ (positive)
What are local and national policies?
New Goverments= new 🎯 on ⛓️ (crime) ie 🔪 crime, some crimes = unprioritised ie underage 🍸, Goverment accused of not focusing on serious ⛓️ie: Goverment focused on priorities, tackle 🔪+ 🔫 ⛓️, gave 💰 -> fund 🆕 policy
What is a problem with local and national policies?
Limit ability of agencies ie: 👮♀️ to achieve social control, 🆕 lawmakers some ⛓️ priority, other offences= neglected
What is the environment?
Use peer monitoring= trained mentors to 💼 w young ppl. Some programmes done by youth justice services. Promote interventions, 🧱 (build) life skills-> evidence that doing sports ⚽️ improve ppl behaviour, ➖ re🥷
What is finance?
Agencies ie police, prison, CPS= ❌ achieve social control. Budget from public.
£ keeping 🥷 in prison ⬆️, population x2, £500,000 refurbish a prison wing, £716M for maintenance 👩🔧
What’s access to resources + support?
Prison= punish but also rehabilitate, 🛑 cycle 🔁 of re🥷-> offer 🏫+ drug courses etc
What are problems to resources + support in prisons?
Resources + support in prison= limited , when 🥷 released= lack of resources
Short sentences= ❌ give prisons enough time to deal with problems 🥷 has, 15% ✂️ in prison officers= ❌ enough officers help monitor activities
Release on temporary licence= v few able to do scheme cos staff shortages that 👌 vise (supervise) it.
What theory links to reoffending rates?
Marxism-> ⛓️ due to capitalist society
ie: vagrancy- 1 in 9 prisoners ❌ ready 🛏️ accommodation on their release (NACRO), 🥷 on release= ⛓️ to be back in prison as they’re vagrant
What are access to resources and support problems in community sentences?
Inadequate support for complex needs ie: vagrancy, drug addiction, mental health problems
Inadequate supervision by probation services, not strict in letting 🥷 miss appointments
Failures by rehab companies
Who were the suffragettes?
Went against the law, fought for women’s rights , social control ❌ work for moral imperatives, individual beliefs strong, break the law
