**3.3: In situ/ex-situ conservation** Flashcards
Alleles meaning?
- Different versions of the same gene.
Conservation meaning?
- Maintenance of ecosystems + biodiversity by humans in order to preserve earth’s resources.
Ex-situ conservation meaning?
- Conservation of organisms away from their natural habitat.
What are examples of ex-situ conservation (4)?
- Zoos.
- Seed banks.
- Captive breeding programmes.
- Reintroduction programmes.
Gene pool meaning?
- All the different versions of genes (alleles) in the individuals that make a population.
In-situ conservation?
- Conservation of the organisms + the surrounding area within their natural habitat.
What are examples of in-situ conservation (3)?
- Education programmes.
- National parks + Sites of Specific Scientific Interest.
What is Simpson’s index of biodiversity?
- Method of measuring biodiversity of an area which takes into account the amount of species present + the abundance.
What is the equation for the Simpson’s index of biodiversity?
- D = (N(N-1)) / (Σn(n-1))
- D = diversity index.
- N = total number of organisms of all species.
- n = total number of organisms of each species.
What is biodiversity?
- Variety of living organisms.
What are the two terms that biodiversity can be measured in?
- Species richness.
- Genetic diversity.
What is species richness?
- Number of different species in a habitat.
What is genetic diversity?
- Genetic variation found in particular species.
- Number of alleles in a gene pool.
What is Endemism?
- When species are unique to a particular geographical location and not found anywhere else.
What are captive breeding programmes?
- Endangered species carefully bred to increase genetic diversity + population size.
How is genetic diversity maintained in captive breeding programmes (4)?
- Exchange of organisms + gametes.
- Keeping stud books.
- Preventing inbreeding.
- IVF.
What are reintroduction programmes?
- Aim to release animals bred in captivity into their natural habitats.
- Restore lost habitats.
What are seed banks?
- Conserve genetic diversity + prevent extinction of species.
- Large variety of species can be conserved.
How are seeds stored in seed banks?
- Cool, dry conditions.
- Periodically tested for viability.
- Seeds take less space than plants ∴ cheaper.
What are education programmes?
- Educate about importance of:
- Maintaining biodiversity.
- Captive breeding programmes.
- Illegal trade of animal products.
What are national parks and Sites of Specific Scientific Interest?
- Conserve habitats + biodiversity.
What is a reason for conservation of ecosystems?
- They provide Ecosystem Services.
What can ecosystem services be (4)?
- Provisioning.
- Regulating.
- Supporting. or
- Culturing.
