3.3 Exploration and voyages of discovery Flashcards
Why was trade expanding rapidly?
Because of the New World opening up new opportunities
Why did England have to look for more new trading opportunities?
The Spanish Netherlands had hit the traditional wool and cloth trade hard. It relied heavily on cloth exports.
Who funded many voyages of discovery?
Private investors like Elizabeth I and her courtiers.
Why was Spain so rich? (Give 2 examples)
Spain was rich thanks to its silver mines in Peru and the export of exotic crops such as sugar cane and tobacco.
Why was exploration important for trade?
The vast majority of the Americas was undiscovered and there were hopes of finding even more riches away from the coasts, where they had been little exploration.
Who was John Hawkins?
Navigator, slave trader and man behind some of the key developments in the English navy that defeated the Armada.
When did John Hawkins bring slaves back from Africa?
1562
Where did John Hawkins take slaves in 1562 and who did he sell them to?
They were taken across the Atlantic and then sold them to Spanish colonists.
What kind of things did John Hawkins buy with his profit from slaves?
Ginger
Animal hides
Sugar
Pearls
When did John Hawkins repeat his journey?
1564
What was the trade route Hawkins took called?
Triangular Trade.
What was the alternative, faster and safer route via North America to the Pacific and Far East called?
North-West Passage
When was the North West Passage discovered?
1845
Young men from what kind of class went on voyages of discovery?
Nobility or gentry
Who worked out a simpler way of using the Sun to calculate the true sailing direction of a ship? When?
Thomas Harriot
1584
What did Thomas Harriot’s discoveries in1584 mean?
Voyages were safer, more direct, and faster.
Name 3 inventions to make ship positioning more accurate?
Astrolabe
Compass
Quadrants
What was the name of the map which was far more accurate when recording voyages?
Mercator Map
When was the Mercator Map invented?
1569
Who created the Mercator map and what profession was he?
Gerardus Mercator
Cartographer
What are the lines used on a map to place lands more accurately?
Longitude and Latitude
What did the Mercator map mean for advances in navigation?
More realistic
More consistent
What are galleons?
Ships that were larger so could store more cargoes.
So more supplies could be stored on board so long journeys could be made.
What were the ‘castles’ that built ships up high making them unstable (removed)
Bows and sterns (lowered in galleons)
Name some of the sail types used.
Traditional square sails for speed on the bowsprit.
Fore and main masts
Lateen (triangular) sails on the mizzen mast, making them more manoeuvrable.
More masts enabled more fast, long and accurate voyages.
How long were the gun decks?
As long as the ship
(So they could be fired from the sides as well as the bow and stern)
Between what years was Drake’s circumnavigation?
December 1577 to September 1580
What did Elizabeth I publicly do to honour Drake’s achievements?
Knight him on his ship, the Golden Hind.
