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History GCSE Elizabethan England > 2.1 Plots and Revolts at Home > Flashcards

2.1 Plots and Revolts at Home Flashcards

1
Q

What year were Europeans first aware of the New World?

A

1492

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2
Q

What year did Philip II invade England with the Armada?

A

1588

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3
Q

When was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

1569

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4
Q

What did the Pope do in 1570 to Elizabeth? What effect did this have (Explanatory connective)?

A

Excommunicated her. THIS MEANT THAT Catholics could freely plot towards Elizabeth as they no longer owed her a duty of obedience as they no longer saw her as rightful monarch.

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5
Q

When were Catholic priests first smuggled into England from Europe to keep Catholics true to their faith?

A

1574

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6
Q

When did MQS flee to England?

A

1568

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7
Q

How did Spain have influence over the Americas?

A

It had a large and growing empire there, making it rich and powerful.

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8
Q

Philip II of Spain persecuted Dutch Protestants. This led to a revolt in what year? How long did it last?

A

1566, lasting decades.

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9
Q

When was a Spanish army sent to the Netherlands?

A

1567

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10
Q

What is the term for the relationship between England and Spain?

A

Anglo-Spanish relations

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11
Q

Why did the Northern Earls rebel in 1569? (4 key reasons)

A
  • The earls and their followers wanted Catholicism restored in England.
  • The earls had lost a great deal of their influence at court since Elizabeth became queen in 1558
  • Elizabeth refused to name an heir or marry and have a child, creating uncertainty about the future of England’s monarchy.
  • MQS in captivity in England was a figurehead who could replace Elizabeth and resolve the issues the earls had.
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12
Q

Who was the Earl of Northumberland and why was he key in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Thomas Percy
He was catholic, and had an important position in Mary I’s court, but this was lost when Elizabeth took over, and with that he lost influence and was replaced with new, favoured, Protestant gentry.
He also lost the rights to a valuable, newly discovered copper mine found on his lands to the Queen in 1567.

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13
Q

Who was the Earl of Westmorland and why was he key in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Charles Neville
He was from an important Catholic family in the north of England and was the Duke of Norfolk’s brother in law.

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14
Q

Who was the Duke of Norfolk and why was he key in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Thomas Howard
One of England’s most senior nobles and Protestant. He had close links to the old, northern Catholic families too. He disliked newcomers like William Cecil and Robert Dudley. As part of the plan he was to marry MQS.
He later backed down and urged the earls to call off the rebellion.

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15
Q

How was MQS involved in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

She met the Duke of Norfolk when fleeing to England in 1568, and she supported his plan to marry her and maybe take the English throne.

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16
Q

Who was Jane Neville and how was she involved in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

She was Charles Neville’s wife and the Duke of Norfolk’s sister. She encouraged her husband to carry on with the rebellion. This way, if they succeeded, she would be sister-in-law to the Queen of England.

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17
Q

Who was Ann Percy and what was her role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

She was the wife of the Earl of Northumberland and encouraged her husband in the rebellion.

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18
Q

Who did Elizabeth appoint as the Archbishop of Durham in 1561?

A

James Pilkington (Protestant)

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19
Q

Why did Elizabeth appoint James Pilkington?

A

In an attempt to reduce the influence of Catholicism in the North.

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20
Q

What was the result of appointing James Pilkington?

A

Nothing really - northerners turned against him and England’s new religion as he was very unpopular because of how much he imposed Protestantism.

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21
Q

Why was politics important in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Elizabeth favoured Protestant nobles, so people such as the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland weren’t favoured and had much less influence.

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22
Q

What might happen if Elizabeth died before she declared an heir?

A

England could be thrown into confusion and a civil war might be initiated.

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23
Q

Why would the marriage between the Duke of Norfolk and MQS have been good?

A

The Duke of Norfolk was Protestant so their heirs would be too. This would provide Protestant heirs to the throne.

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24
Q

Give three reasons why the marriage between the Duke of Norfolk and MQS did not happen.

A
  • Marriages of nobility members needed the Queen’s consent.
  • Elizabeth had made it clear that the succession was a matter of royal prerogative.
  • The Duke of Norfolk was close to the Earls leading the revolt, where MQS would be a better ruler.
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25
Was the marriage between MQS and the Duke of Norfolk treason?
No
26
Definition of conspiracy.
A secret plan with the aim of doing something against the law.
27
When was Elizabeth informed of the plot?
September 1569
28
Who informed Elizabeth of the Revolt of the Northern Earls' plot?
Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester)
29
What city would the Earls first take control of?
Durham
30
When would the Revolt of the Northern Earls take place?
November-December 1569
31
Where were the troops going to go after taking control of Durham cathedral in the Revolt?
South, to London.
32
Who would the troops meet in 1569?
The Duke of Norfolk.
33
In the Revolt of the Northern Earls, how many Spanish troops were going to land in Hartlepool to support rebel forces?
Several thousand
34
What was the Duke of Norfolk going to do in London when he was met by rebel forces in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Seize control of the government in London and overthrow Elizabeth I.
35
Who would overthrow any resistance to the Revolt of the Northern Earls once they had taken the government in London?
The Spanish troops.
36
Who would rule when Elizabeth was overthrown in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
MQS
37
What action did Elizabeth take when she found out about the plot?
She arrested Norfolk, so he was sent to the Tower of London on 1st November 1569.
38
After the arrest of Norfolk, what happened with the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
They carried on.
39
Were the Earls successful in taking Durham?
Yes, it meant that James Pilkington fled south. They destroyed any evidence of Protestantism and celebrated a full Catholic mass over the next fortnight.
40
When the Earls were advancing in the Revolt of the Northern Earls, where was MQS moved? Why?
South to Coventry: 1. She didn't want Mary to escape. 2. Less Catholic influence.
41
Why did the Revolt of the Northern Earls fail? (2 reasons)
1. The Spanish troops never showed up. 2. Elizabeth raised 14,000 men for her cause.
42
List in detail the first of 9 stages of the Revolt of Northern Earls.
1. 9th November Midnight, bells are rung at the Earl of Northumberland's residence of Topcliffe. This starts the rebellion and the Earl of Westmoreland's forces are assembled at Durham.
43
List the 2nd of 9 stages of the Revolt of the Northern Earls.
2. 13th November: The Earl of Sussex raises troops in the North to raise troops in the North to put down rebels on behalf of Elizabeth. Few are willing to join him.
44
List in detail the third of 9 stages of the Revolt of Northern Earls.
14th November: Northumberland's and Westmoreland's forces seize Durham Cathedral and hear mass.
45
List the 4th of 9 stages of the Revolt of the Northern Earls in detail.
16th November: The Earl of Sussex writes to the Privy Council saying he is having difficulty raising enough men.
46
List in detail the 5th of 9 stages of the Revolt of Northern Earls.
22nd November: All northern areas of England east of the Pennines, and as far as sough as Braham moor, is controlled by the rebels.
47
List in detail the 6th of 9 stages of the Revolt of Northern Earls.
30th November: some rebels divert to capture Hartlepool, hoping that the Spanish will arrive at the port but it doesn't.
48
List in detail the 7th of 9 stages of the Revolt of Northern Earls.
14th December: The rebels take Barnard Castle in County Durham
49
List in detail the 8th of 9 stages of the Revolt of Northern Earls.
16th December: 14,000 men marching for Elizabeth from the south reach the River Tees. The rebel forces of 5,400 flee north.
50
List in detail the 9th of 9 stages of the Revolt of Northern Earls.
19th December: The earls cross into Scotland and the rebellion is defeated.
51
What happened after the Revolt in 1569 was crushed?
450 rebels were executed throughout towns and villages to terrify the population.
52
Of the 2 main Earls in the 1569 Revolt, who escaped and who was captured?
Westmorland escaped, but Northumberland was captured and executed in York in 1572.
53
Where was the Earl of Northumberland's head put?
On a spike above the city's gates.
54
Did the Duke of Norfolk get executed as an aftermath of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
No, despite the Privy Council wanting his execution he was released.
55
How long was MQS to be held in captivity after the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
14 years.
56
What did the Pope do after the Revolt of the Northern Earls failed?
Excommunicated her in his Papal Bull in 1570.
57
When did Elizabeth retaliate to the Pope excommunicating her?
April 1571
58
What did Parliament do as a result of the Pope issuing the Papal Bull in 1570?
Change the definition of treason, so that anyone who called Elizabeth a heretic could be charged with treason.
59
In what way was Elizabeth more harsh towards Catholicism after the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
She sent the Earl of Huntington to lead the Council of the North as he is a devout Protestant. He implemented laws against Catholics and suppressed the religion.
60
Which Pope excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570?
Pope Pius V
61
When was the Ridolfi plot?
1571
62
What occupation and nationality was Roberto Ridolfi?
An Italian banker from Florence living in England. He was also one of the Pope's spies.
63
When did Ridolfi leave England to go to Spain to discuss the plot with the pope and the Duke of Alba?
March 1571
64
Who said he would lead the rebellion if Philip II would support it - as he signed a letter saying he was a Catholic?
The Duke of Norfolk
65
How many men was Alba to prepare to send to England if necessary?
10,000
66
When was the Ridolfi plot uncovered, and by who?
Autumn 1571
67
Where was Ridolfi when the plot was uncovered?
Abroad He never returned to England
68
What did Parliament demand due to the Ridolfi plot?
Norfolk's and MQS' death
69
When was the Duke of Norfolk executed?
June 1572
70
Who did Elizabeth try to improve her relations with after the Ridolfi plot and why?
France - so they didn't ally with Spain.
71
What did Catholics try to do in 1574 to keep their religion alive?
Smuggle them into England. They stayed with well-to-do families, celebrating mass and hearing confessions.
72
What was the consequence of Catholic priests being found in England?
Hung, drawn and quartered.
73
What were the hiding places given to priests called when they were smuggled into Catholic's houses?
Priest holes.
74
When did Parliament change the laws against Catholics drastically?
1581
75
What did Parliament fine recusants due to a change in law in 1581?
£20
76
In 1581, what was converting people to Catholicism classed as?
Treason
77
When was the Throckmorton plot?
1583
78
In the Throckmorton plot, who would invade England, overthrow Elizabeth and free Mary?
The French Duke of Guise
79
What was the relation between MQS and the French Duke of Guise?
Cousins
80
Who would be the go-between with Mary?
Francis Throckmorton
81
Who uncovered the Throckmorton plot and when?
Sir Francis Walsingham in 1573
82
When was Throckmorton arrested?
November 1583
83
What happened to Throckmorton after he was arrested?
Tortured Confessed Executed in May 1584
84
What happened after the Throckmorton plot for Catholics?
Life was much harder Many fled 11,000 imprisoned or kept under surveillance.
85
When was another Act of Parliament passed after the Throckmorton plot, which made helping or sheltering a Catholic priest punishable by death?
1585
86
When was the Babington plot?
1586
87
What plot was the Babington plot similar to?
The Throckmorton plot
88
How many men would the Duke of Guise invade England with in the Babington plot?
60,000 men.
89
What did Anthony Babington do to initiate the Babington plot?
Wrote to MQS in July 1586 about the plot.
90
Who intercepted Anthony Babington's letter to MQS?
Sir Francis Walsingham
91
How many Catholics were prepared to assassinate Elizabeth in the Babington Plot (and were arrested)?
6
92
When was MQS tried by the Privy Council?
1586
93
When did Elizabeth sign MQS' death warrant?
February 1587
94
When was MQS executed?
8th February 1587
95
Why was the Babington plot significant in terms of English relations with Spain?
In 1585, the Anglo-Spanish relations had broken down completely, and the English were aiding the Dutch Protestants in a rebellion against the Spanish.
96
How many recusants were arrested after the Babington plot?
300 in North London alone.
97
How many priests were arrested after the Babington plot?
31
98
What was the Act of Parliament passed in 1585 called?
The Act for the Preservation of the Queen's safety.
99
What did the Act for the Preservation of the Queen's safety stop MQS from doing?
Succeeding Elizabeth if she was assassinated.
100
What year did Sir Francis Walsingham become Secretary of State?
1573
101
What did Sir Francis Walsingham do when he became Secretary of state in 1573?
Create a spy network in England and abroad. This played a crucial role in uncovering plots against Elizabeth I.
102
By 1580, how many towns did Walsingham have spies for in France, Germany, Italy and Spain?
12 in France 9 in Germany 4 in Spain 3 in Italy Others in Algiers, Tripoli and Istanbul.
103
What was another source of information for Walsingham?
Catholic priests who had been captured. Such as John Hart in 1581, who offered his services as a spy in return for his pardon.
104
What were 'Agents Provocateurs'?
Agents who had become a part of groups suspected of wrongdoings, and encourage other members to break the law so that potential threats can be identified and arrested.
105
106
Did Walsingham approve of torture of Catholic priests? Why/not?
No He believed it would make the public sympathetic towards them. Therefore it was only used in very serious cases.
107
During Elizabeth's reign, how many priests and their supporters were arrested?
130 priests 60 supporters

History GCSE Elizabethan England (12 decks)

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