✅3.2.3.7 - Other Contemporary Urban Environmental Issues

Question 1

What are some of the causes of water pollution?

Answer 1

Domestic waste
Effluent from industries
Leachates from landfill and dumping
Rainwater
Point sources (eg factories)
Diffuse (non point) sources

Question 2

What can be found in the River Mithi, Mumbai?

Answer 2

Untreated sewage, chemicals and disease causing microbes

Question 3

What activities frequently take place on the banks of the River Mithi?

Answer 3

Illegal dumping of raw sewage
Industrial waste discharge
Washing vessels, animals and oily drums
Unauthorised discharge of hazardous waste eg zinc, lead

Question 4

How has the River Mithi’s characteristics been affected by the pollution?

Answer 4

Its carrying capacity has been reduced and the pollution is a threat to marine life as well as water quality

Question 5

What are the social impacts of water pollution?

Answer 5

Unpleasant

Disease

Question 6

What are the economic impacts of water pollution?

Answer 6

Cost of treating the water

Knock on effects of trading eg fishing

Question 7

What are the environmental impacts of water pollution?

Answer 7

Reduced capacity
Threat to marine life
Animals drinking from river in danger

Question 8

What are the sources of water pollution in London?

Answer 8

Pollution form houses and agriculture
Misconnections and wrong plumbing
Appliances and dishwashers
Soaps and chemicals
Rain washing dirt from roads and car parks etc

Question 9

What are the main causes of air pollution in Mumbai?

Answer 9

Industries in eastern suburbs and New Bombay
Rubbish incineration but the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
Insufficient control over emissions from vehicles

Question 10

What happened in Mumbai in 2010?

Answer 10

A chlorine gas leak from the Sewri industrial led to 76 people being treated in hospital

Question 11

How large is the Municipal garbage dump?

Answer 11

100 hectares, with nightly burning of rubbish occurring

Question 12

What are the particulate matter readings in Mumbai?

Answer 12

2000 microgrammes per cubic metre, safe limit 150

Question 13

What are the social impacts of air pollution?

Answer 13

Cancer causing particulate matter

Bronchitis and asthma common

Question 14

What are the economic impacts of air pollution?

Answer 14

Ill people not attending work

Gas leaks putting people in hospital gives company a bad name and compensation had to be paid

Question 15

What are the environmental impacts of air pollution?

Answer 15

High carbon monoxide levels

Particulate matter significantly higher than safe limit

Question 16

When was the Mumbai monorail opened?

Answer 16

2012

Question 17

What was the aim of the monorail?

Answer 17

To reduce car usage in the city and lower emissions from exhausts, encourage public transport

Question 18

How were people encouraged to use bikes as opposed to cars?

Answer 18

By taking part in the cyclothon in 2010, with over 7000 participants

Question 19

How is industrial pollution being lowered in Mumbai?

Answer 19

Chimneys must be above a certain height so that particulates dispersed more easily by wind and must have filters to take out poisonous gases

Question 20

How are industrial effluents being clamped down on in Mumbai?

Answer 20

The authorities began to close all unauthorised activities which discharge effluents into the river

Question 21

How was rubbish collection changed?

Answer 21

A proper system was set up to prevent citizens dumping rubbish into the river

Question 22

What were people employed to do?

Answer 22

Those without jobs were employed to keep the river clean

Question 23

What will be installed on the banks of the River Mithi?

Answer 23

Sewers, and sewage treatment plants

Question 24

What is going to be done to the river bed?

Answer 24

It will be dredged to improve its carrying capacity

Question 25

What is the T-charge?

Answer 25

A £10 charge paid by motorists driving into central London between 7am and 6pm

Question 26

Which drivers have to pay the charges?

Answer 26

Those with the most polluting vehicles

Question 27

How much money has been put in place to improve air quality in London by DEFRA?

Answer 27

£3 billion

Question 28

What provisions have been put in place to improve London’s water quality?

Answer 28

Definitions of controlled waters
Water Protection zones and Nitrate Sensitive Areas
Offences of Polluting Controlled Waters
Discharge consents

Question 29

What strategies has London put in place to improve water quality?

Answer 29

Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems

Question 30

What is dereliction?

Answer 30

Buildings that have become dilapidated after being abandoned in urban areas, often caused by industrial decline

Question 31

What are the impacts of dereliction?

Answer 31

Loss of tourism
Becomes an eyesore in the town
Can become home to squatters or animals
More difficult to regenerate the area

Question 32

What is a brownfield site?

Answer 32

A piece of land which already has some construction and may well now be derelict

Question 33

What is an example of a transformed derelict area?

Answer 33

The Olympic Park, East London