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Biology Mine > 3.2.3 Transport Across Cells > Flashcards

3.2.3 Transport Across Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Do plants have cell membrains

A

Yes

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2
Q

Do bacteria have cell membrains

A

Yes

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3
Q

Name four substances needed for a cell and what there function is

A

Water - metabolic reactions
Amino acids - protein synthesis
Glucose - respiration
O2 - aerobic respiration
Lipids - cholesterol

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4
Q

Why does soup dissolve the membranes easily

A

Dissolves the nuclear membrane and plama membrane , as it is made up of pipes and fats

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5
Q

What are the two main components of a cell membrane

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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6
Q

What sort of partials do phospholipids allow to pass between themselves

A

Small
No charge
Lipid soluable

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7
Q

What is the role of cholesterol

A

To reduce the fluidity of the cell membrane
Can be effected by heat

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8
Q

What is a tonoplast

A

The membrane that surrounds the vacuole

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9
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the cell membrane

A
  1. Defines the boundary of the cell
  2. Controls which substances pass through
  3. Provides a receptor site for hormones
  4. Plays a role in cell recognition (immune system)
  5. Allows it to change shape
  6. Helps cells to stick together
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10
Q

What are the three main functions of the internal membrane

A
  1. Compartmentalisation (isolating organelles )
  2. A site of biological reactions
  3. Controls which substances go in and out of
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11
Q

What is another name for the cell membrane

A

Plasma membrane

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12
Q

Which part of the phospholipid bi layer is
Hydrophobic
And
Hydrophilic

A

Fatty acids are - hydrophobic

Phosphate group is hydrophilic

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13
Q

What are the three functions of phospholipids

A
  1. Allow lipid soluble substances to pass through
  2. Prevent water soluable substances to go through
  3. Make the membrane flexible and self sealing
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14
Q

There are two types of proteins embedded on a cell membrane what are those two protein types and give a small description

A

Intrinsic - they pass through the phospholipid bilayer either fully or partially

Extrinsic - only sit / lay on the phospholipid bilayer

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15
Q

What are the function of extrinsic proteins ?

A

Act as a receptors for molecules ( mostly hormones)
Provide a mechanical support adhesion

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16
Q

What is the function of intrinsic proteins

A

Protein channels- allows water soluble molecules to pass through

Carrier/ channel proteins that aid in transport

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17
Q

What type of molecules use intrinsic proteins

A

Water
Na+
Cl-

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18
Q

Cholesterol is a _______ and is found in the phospholipid bilayer . They add ______ to the membrane . Cholesterol are very _______ and therefore play an important role in _______. ______

A

Lipid

Strength

Hydrophobic

Limiting movement

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19
Q

What are three functions of cholesterol

A
  1. Reduce lateral movement of the membrane
  2. Make the membrane less fluid at higher temperatures
  3. Prevents leakage of water and ions
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20
Q

What is the function of glycolipids

A

Recognition site
Helps maintain membrane stabablilty
Helps cells attach to each other

21
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins

A

Recognition site
Helps attach to cells to form tissue
Used in cell recognition

22
Q

What does the model name fluid mosaic mean

A

Fluid - because the individual phospholipids can move laterally and change places with each other

Mosaic - when seen under above looks line a mosaic of phospholipids

23
Q

Name some organelles that have an internal membrane

A

Mitochondria , chloroplast , vacuole , nucleus

24
Q

What are the five ways that’s substances can move across a membrane and say if there passive or active

A

Passive - does not require atp
Simple diffusion
Facilitated
Osmosis

Active - require atp
Active transport
Co-transport

25
Q

What is the definition of diffusion

A

The movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

26
Q

What are the six factors that effect diffusion

A

Temperature - more kenetic energy

Concentration gradient - increases rate of diffusion

Stirring - increases kenetic energy

Surface area - more chance of molecules moving through

Diffusion distance

Size of molecule - smaller molecules diffuse more quickly

27
Q

Why can O2 and CO2 pass through cell membrane

A

As they are lipid soluable

28
Q

What is the definition of osmosis

A

Osmosis is the passage of water molecules from a solution of high water potential to a lower water potential through a selective permeably membrane

29
Q

What are the similarities and differences of osmosis and diffusion

A

Sim
Go through selective permeable membrane
Passive no energy

Differences
High to low water potential
Only involves water

30
Q

What does hypertonic mean in osmosis

A

Lots of solute , therefore low water potential

31
Q

What does hypotonic mean in osmosis

A

Little solute therefore high water potential

32
Q

What does isotonic

A

At an equalibriam

33
Q

Is something has a high water potential it’s water molecules are

A

Free

34
Q

What does free water molecules mean

A

The amount of non bound water molecules that have the potential to move across a semi permeable membrane .

35
Q

Pure water has a Kpa of

A

-0

36
Q

What is a protoplast

A

Refers to the entire cell , excluding the cell wall , is not in a animal cell as it does not have a cell wall

37
Q

In animal cell
Water potential out side: hypotonic
Net movement of water is ?
State of cell

A

Net move : into the cell
State of cell: burst

38
Q

In animal cell
Water potential out side: isotonic
Net movement of water is ?
State of cell

A

Net move: none / equilibrium
State of cell : normal

39
Q

In animal cell
Water potential out side: hypertonic
Net movement of water is ?
State of cell

A

Net move : out of cell
State of cell : shrunk / shrivelled

40
Q

In plant cell/ bacteria
Water potential out side: hypotonic
Net movement of water is ?
State of cell
Protoplast

A

Net movement: into the cell (turgid )
State of cell: turgid
Protoplast : touching cell wall

41
Q

In plant cell/ bacteria
Water potential out side: isotonic
Net movement of water is ?
State of cell
Protoplast

A

Net movement : equilibrium
State of cell : flaccid
Protoplast : barely touching the cell wall

42
Q

In plant cell/ bacteria
Water potential out side: hypertonic
Net movement of water is ?
State of cell
Protoplast

A

Net move : out of cell
State : plasmolysed
Protoplast not touching cell wall vacoul shrunk

43
Q

What does incipient plasmolysis mean

A

Around 50% of the plan cells are plasmolyed

44
Q

Describe the net movement of water in
Flaccid
Turgid
Plasmollyed
Plant cells

A

Flaccid - no net movement
Turgid - water is moving into cell
Plasmolyed - water is moving out of cell

45
Q

Describe a channel protein

A

They transport SMALL polar and charged molecules
They are gated so that can be shut off

46
Q

Describe a carrier protein

A

Allows larger polar molecules such as sugars and amino acids to pass through
Has a specific binding site and changes shape when it binds

47
Q

What type of diffusion is channel and carrier proteins
And do they require atp ?

A

Facilitated
No they do not require atp

48
Q

Describe a protein pump

A

They are specific pumps that work against the concentration gradient and require atp

49
Q

Draw out co-transport

A

Check with internet

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