3.1.5 Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Name the two Pentose sugars in genetic material

Answer 1

RNA - ribonucleic acid

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What is a monomer in DNa called

Answer 2

A nucleotide

Question 3

Give a simple diagram of a nucleotide

Answer 3

Check images

Question 4

Describe the structure and names of bases of a
Purine

Answer 4

Larger double ring

Adenine
Guanine

Question 5

Describe the structure and names of bases of a
Pyramidines

Answer 5

Smaller 1 ring

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

Question 6

Why is thymine not used for dna transcription

Answer 6

Uriclie is easier to make compared to thymine as thymine can be quite resource expensive , so cells whose to conserve as much resources as possible

Question 7

What are the three different types of bonds in a DNA molecule

Answer 7

Phospho digester bond - between the phosphate group and the Penrose sugar

Glycosidic bond - between the Penrose sugar and the nitrogenous base

Hydrogen bonds - between complimentary nitrogenous bases

Question 8

What is the definition of a proteome

Answer 8

the complement of proteins expressed in a cell, tissue, or organism by a genome

Question 9

What is a genome

Answer 9

Total genes in a cell

Question 10

When a phospho diester bond forms between which carbons does it form

Answer 10

C3 and c5

Question 11

When referencing the direction of DNA how and what numbers do you use

And also what is it called

Answer 11

3,5 prime

Also check pictures

Anti parallel

Question 12

How do you measure the stablebility of a DNA molecule

Answer 12

The more hydrogen bonds the more stable therefore more cytosine and also guanine

Question 13

Also what is the purpose of the DNA back bone

Answer 13

This physically protects the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule inside the double helix

Question 14

Describe the structure of a ribosome

Answer 14

One rRNA
Two proteins
Enzymes

Question 15

Draw out the structure of a monomer of DNA

Answer 15

Check biology folder

Question 16

Give two features of DNA and explain how each one is important in the semi conservative replication

Answer 16

1 weak hydrogen bonds easily broken between bases allow strands to separate

2 two strands so can act as template

3 complimentary base pairing allows for accurate replication

Question 17

Compare the difference between DNA and rna in:

Number of strands

Answer 17

DNA 2

RNA 1

Question 18

Compare the difference between DNA and rna in:
Name of Pentose

Answer 18

DNA deoxyribose

RNA ribose

Question 19

Compare the difference between DNA and rna in: names of nitrogenous bases

Answer 19

DNA c g t a

RNA a g c u

Question 20

Compare the difference between DNA and rna in:
Number of different types

Answer 20

DNA 1

RNA : tRNA mRNA rRNA

Question 21

Compare the difference between DNA and rna in:
Relative length

Answer 21

DNA 1nm

RNA few thousand nucleotides

Question 22

Compare the difference between DNA and rna in:
Life span

Answer 22

DNA 521 years

RNA 1/3 min

Question 23

Compare the difference between DNA and rna in:
Function

Answer 23

DNA contains all the genes to make up

RNA for the creation of protein

Question 24

What is the function of DNA

Answer 24

DNA is the hereditary material responsible for passing genetic information from cell to cell and generation to generation

Question 25

Dna strands in _____(3 words)_____ act as ______(1 word)______

Answer 25

Semi conservative replication

Template

Question 26

What is the role of helicase

Answer 26

Breaks hydrogen bonds through hydrolysis allowing free floating nucleotides to make complimentary base pairs with each other c-g a-t

Question 27

What is the function of dna polymerase

Answer 27

The catalyst for condensation between adjacent bases (nucleotides )

Question 28

What direction does the dna polymerase

Answer 28

3’ to 5’