3.1.4 Proteins Flashcards
Polypeptide’s fold where
The SER due to acidic conditions
What is the diffrence between prokaryote and eukaryote dna
Pro is circular while eu is linear and involves histones
What is junk dna called
Intron
What does intron parts of the dna useful for
Gene expression
Maintaining chromosome stabablility
Evolutionary conservation
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have
23 chromosome pairs
How does circular dna condense
It coiles its self
Feature : eukaryotic cell vs prokaryotic cell
Location
Length
Shape
Histones
Eukaryote
Location : in the nucleus’s
Length : long / longer
Shape : linear
Histones ; yes ( associated with proteins)
Prokaryotic :
Location : cytoplasm
Length : shorter than DNA
Shape : circular
Histones : no ( not associated with proteins )
How does the dna in mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble prokaryotic DNA
As it is circular , shorter than the dna in a nucleus , not in nucleus and also does not associate with protein’s
What is a gene
A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a protein
What is an allele
A different variation of a gene
What is a locus
The position of a gene in a singular chromosome
What does homologous pair of chromosomes mean
Contains same genetic information
What nitrogenous bases are there
Purines :
Adenine
Guanine
Pyrimidines:
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil
What determines the shape and size of a protein
The primary structure
Why is genetic code known as triplet code
Because it has enough code variety to accommodate all amino acids
What is another way of saying triplet
Codon
What does each codon code for
An amino acid
What are the three stop codons
UAA , UAG , UGA
What does degenerate
Means that more than one codon codes for one animo acid
What is the start codon code
AUG
A sequence of DNA is refers to as
Universal
Degenerate
Non-overlapping- read in codons
What are coding regions and non coding regions called
Exon - coding region of DNA
Intron - non coding regions of dna
What does non-overlapping mean
Codes in codons , reads in triplet
Blurb about mRNA
Does not contain hydrogen bonds
Single stranded
Non overlapping
No introns
Blurb about tRNA
Contains hydrogen bonds
How does transcription work
Transcription factors bind to dna promotor , Prys strands apart
One strand acts as the template strand or antisense strand
While the other acts as non template strand or sense strand
RNA polymerase does not need a primer it simple initiates mRNA
3 to 5 and synthases mRNA
One reaches end termination occurs , mRNA detaches
What is the structure of a ribosome
Acceptor site
Polypeptide site
Exit site
Large sub unit
Small sub unit
State 3 sim and 4 differences between dna replication and transcription
Sim
Both have hydrogen bonds
Both use helicase
Form phosphodiester bonds
Both use a type of polymerase
Differences :
Uses uricile
mRNA single strand DNA double strand
Deoxyribose , ribose
mRNA does not have introns
mRNA has one gene
What are the functions of dna and rna
DNA :
Store of genetic information and the code to make proteins
RNA
Synthesis of proteins
What organelle is used to modify proteins need be
Golgi body
Describe splicing
Spliceasome splices pre-mRNa
What is the main part of tRNA
The attachment site / anticodon
Enzymes catalyses formation of peptide bond using atp
