3.1.4 Proteins

Question 1

Polypeptide’s fold where

Answer 1

The SER due to acidic conditions

Question 2

What is the diffrence between prokaryote and eukaryote dna

Answer 2

Pro is circular while eu is linear and involves histones

Question 3

What is junk dna called

Answer 3

Intron

Question 4

What does intron parts of the dna useful for

Answer 4

Gene expression
Maintaining chromosome stabablility
Evolutionary conservation

Question 5

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have

Answer 5

23 chromosome pairs

Question 6

How does circular dna condense

Answer 6

It coiles its self

Question 7

Feature : eukaryotic cell vs prokaryotic cell

Location

Length

Shape

Histones

Answer 7

Eukaryote
Location : in the nucleus’s
Length : long / longer
Shape : linear
Histones ; yes ( associated with proteins)

Prokaryotic :
Location : cytoplasm
Length : shorter than DNA
Shape : circular
Histones : no ( not associated with proteins )

Question 8

How does the dna in mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble prokaryotic DNA

Answer 8

As it is circular , shorter than the dna in a nucleus , not in nucleus and also does not associate with protein’s

Question 9

What is a gene

Answer 9

A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a protein

Question 10

What is an allele

Answer 10

A different variation of a gene

Question 11

What is a locus

Answer 11

The position of a gene in a singular chromosome

Question 12

What does homologous pair of chromosomes mean

Answer 12

Contains same genetic information

Question 13

What nitrogenous bases are there

Answer 13

Purines :

Adenine
Guanine

Pyrimidines:

Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

Question 14

What determines the shape and size of a protein

Answer 14

The primary structure

Question 15

Why is genetic code known as triplet code

Answer 15

Because it has enough code variety to accommodate all amino acids

Question 16

What is another way of saying triplet

Answer 16

Codon

Question 17

What does each codon code for

Answer 17

An amino acid

Question 18

What are the three stop codons

Answer 18

UAA , UAG , UGA

Question 19

What does degenerate

Answer 19

Means that more than one codon codes for one animo acid

Question 20

What is the start codon code

Answer 20

AUG

Question 21

A sequence of DNA is refers to as

Answer 21

Universal
Degenerate
Non-overlapping- read in codons

Question 22

What are coding regions and non coding regions called

Answer 22

Exon - coding region of DNA
Intron - non coding regions of dna

Question 23

What does non-overlapping mean

Answer 23

Codes in codons , reads in triplet

Question 24

Blurb about mRNA

Answer 24

Does not contain hydrogen bonds
Single stranded
Non overlapping
No introns

Question 25

Blurb about tRNA

Answer 25

Contains hydrogen bonds

Question 26

How does transcription work

Answer 26

Transcription factors bind to dna promotor , Prys strands apart One strand acts as the template strand or antisense strand While the other acts as non template strand or sense strand RNA polymerase does not need a primer it simple initiates mRNA 3 to 5 and synthases mRNA One reaches end termination occurs , mRNA detaches

Question 27

What is the structure of a ribosome

Answer 27

Acceptor site Polypeptide site Exit site Large sub unit Small sub unit

Question 28

State 3 sim and 4 differences between dna replication and transcription

Answer 28

Sim Both have hydrogen bonds Both use helicase Form phosphodiester bonds Both use a type of polymerase Differences : Uses uricile mRNA single strand DNA double strand Deoxyribose , ribose mRNA does not have introns mRNA has one gene

Question 29

What are the functions of dna and rna

Answer 29

DNA : Store of genetic information and the code to make proteins RNA Synthesis of proteins

Question 30

What organelle is used to modify proteins need be

Answer 30

Golgi body

Question 31

Describe splicing

Answer 31

Spliceasome splices pre-mRNa

Question 32

What is the main part of tRNA

Answer 32

The attachment site / anticodon Enzymes catalyses formation of peptide bond using atp