3.2 - Israel

Question 1

Salt Enroachment

Answer 1

The density of freshwater and saltwater is different, so when freshwater is taken out and seawater replaces it, the different densities cause the saltwater to come in, in higher quantities and hence mixes with the rest of the freshwater.

Question 2

What Factors Affect Water Scarcity

Answer 2

Physical Factors
Human Factors

Question 3

Physical Factors Affecting Water Scarcity

Answer 3

Salt enroachment and contamination affecting quality/quantity.
Global latitude/climate (wet, humid, arid due to pressure differences)
Climate change
ENSO variability causing unpredicted droughts and floods

Question 4

Human Factors Affecting Water Scarcity

Answer 4

Pollution from agricultural/industrial/domestic use.
Rising demand from emerging economies
Over extraction from rivers/lakes/reservoirs
Poor governance meaning inaccessibility

Question 5

Israel

Answer 5

Representative democracy, Highly skilled workforce, Most educated country in the world.
Highest standard of living and life expectancy

Question 6

Human Factors (Israel)

Answer 6

10% population increase
Agriculture - 5000 tube wells
Industry - Huge technological base, exports of bananas and fruits
Sanitation - Untreated sewage
Food - Drug irrigation helps

Question 7

Physical Factors (Israel)

Answer 7

Warm climate, High evaporation, Less precipitation
Water falls in the water
1.1 bn of groundwater
Saltwater incursion as freshwater holds back

Question 8

Consequences

Answer 8

Seawater incursion - When seawater comes creeping in
Mountain acquire controlled by Israel, depriving Palestine
Upwards leakage of pollution and saline

Question 9

Israel & Palestine

Answer 9

Claimed illegal occupation of land, that Israel occupies owned by Palestine
Israel’s majority government has now been replaced after 10 years.

Question 10

Israel’s Natural Climate

Answer 10

Warm climate, High evap, Less Precipitation