1.4 - The Nile

Question 1

Porosity

Answer 1

The total volume of pore spaces within a rock.

Question 2

Pervious Rock

Answer 2

Those with distinct jointing patterns and bedding planes along which water can flow.

Question 3

Nile Climate

Answer 3

Precipitation in the North is less than 20mm per year.
Precipitation in the Ethiopian Highlands (South), 2,300mm per year, mainly in summer months
Channel flow small upstream, whilst evaporation increases as summer.

Question 4

Nile Vegetation

Answer 4

Nile provides Egypt with irrigated crops but vegetation density increases as you move South in wet highlands.
High interception and evapotranspiration in summer monsoon.

Question 5

Nile Topography/Relief

Answer 5

Steep topography in Ethiopian Highlands, more surface run-off and more mechanical weathering/soil erosion.

Question 6

Nile Geography

Answer 6

Ethiopia - Largely volcanic, pervious rock
Uganda - Igneous, metamorphic and young sedimentary
Sudan & Egypt - Sandstone (bare groundwater storage)

Question 7

Nile Soils

Answer 7

Blue Nile carries fertile volcanic silts during monsoon months due to saturated overland flow.

Question 8

White Nile

Answer 8

Light coloured clay sediment, limited infiltration and sediment load.

Question 9

Nile Human Vulnerability

Answer 9

Egypt holds and controls most water but Ethiopia is building a dam, which threatens Egypt’s water security.

Question 10

The Nile, East Africa

Answer 10

World’s longest river
Travel through 11 different countries
Has 2 parts - White Nile & Blue Nile in lower areas.

Question 11

How Monsoon Affects The Nile

Answer 11

Annual monsoon rainfall over Ethiopian Highlands floods the Nile in lower areas.

Question 12

Blue Nile Wag1

Answer 12

Flows through Ethiopia and Sudan

Question 13

White Nile Wag1

Answer 13

Tanzania and shit then meets the Blue Nile in Sudan