2.2 - Australia Drought

Question 1

Physical Causes Of Drought (Australia)

Answer 1

Austria lies on sub tropical ridge (STR).
El Niño events in 2002/3 and 2006/7 and natural climate change cycle enhance dry conditions.
Current global warming reduces temp gradient between poles meaning less chance of mid-latitude depression.

Question 2

Human Causes Of Drought (Australia)

Answer 2

90% of vegetation deforested meaning transpiration decreases and SRO increases.
94% of surface water evaporates and 42% of leftovers are directed to reservoirs and dams.
Anthropogenic Climate Variability
Groundwater Overextraction For Agriculture

Question 3

Conflict As A Result Of The Drought

Answer 3

3.5 million people left water insecure
Watercap and Murray-Darling basin plan overshadowed by illegal water-use.

Question 4

Millennium Drought, Australia:

Answer 4

Lasted 12 years, annual rainfall was 12.4% below the mean for the 20th century. 2 thirds of rainfall deficits were explained by El Niño conditions.

Question 5

Murray-Darling Basin

Answer 5

Agricultural heartland of SE Australia, therefore a lack of crops could be grown, impacting wool/meat production and hence exports/imports.

Question 6

High Pressure Belt

Answer 6

Any remaining air will sink downwards, making the formation of clouds and hence precipitation low.