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CB > 32. Control of Ventilation > Flashcards

32. Control of Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Eupnoea

A

Normal breathing

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2
Q

Hypernoea

A

Increased ventilation (higher tidal volume)

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3
Q

Tachypnoea

A

Increased respiratory rate

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4
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Overventilation (low PCO2)

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5
Q

Hypocapnia

A

PCO2 is less than normal

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6
Q

Hypoxia

A

PO2 is less than normal

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7
Q

Hypoxaemia

A

Lower PO2 than normal in blood

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8
Q

Asphyxia

A

Lower PO2, high PCO2

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9
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Stressful breathing

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10
Q

Apnoea

A

Absence of breathing

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11
Q

What is the function of the dorsal respiratory group?

A

Causes inspiratory muscles to contract

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12
Q

What is the function of the ventral respiratory group?

A

Causes expiratory muscles to contract when breathing is elevated

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13
Q

What is the Pre-Botzinger complex?

A

Pace maker for breathing

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14
Q

What is the function of the apneustic center?

A

Drives inspiration by stimulating dorsal group

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15
Q

What is the function of the pneumotaxic center?

A

Inhibits apneustic center

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16
Q

What could damage to any respiratory control centre cause?

A

Hypoventilation

Hypoxaemia

17
Q

What things might damage respiratory control centres?

A 
Depressant drugs
Spinal cord injury
Motor nerve damage
Muscle diseases
Restriction and obstruction
18
Q

What are stretch receptors?

A

Nerve endings in smooth muscle of airways
Stimulated when airways expand on inspiration
Impulses travel back in Vagus nerve
Inhibit respiratory centre: Hering-Breuer inflation reflex

19
Q

What are irritant receptors?

A

Nerve endings near airway epithelial cells
Stimulated by noxious gases, cigarette smoke, dust, cold air
Impulse travels in Vagus
Causes bronchoconstriction and coughing

20
Q

What are juxtacapillary receptors?

A

Near capillaries in alveoli
Stimulated by pulmonary decongestion and oedema
Vagus nerve
Reflex apnoea or rapid shallow breathing

21
Q

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors found?

A

Aortic bodies on arch of aorta

Carotid bodies at bifurcation of carotid artery

22
Q

What are peripheral chemoreceptors stimulated by?

A

Low PO2
High PCO2
H+

23
Q

Where are central chemoreceptors located?

A

Medulla
Separate from respiratory centres
H+ can’t pass blood brain barrier so CO2 passes through and breaks down to form H+, stimulating the inspiratory response

24
Q

What are the 4 types of hypoxia?

A

Hypoxic: PO2 is less than normal
Anaemic: O2 content is less than normal
Stagnant: O2 delivery is reduced
Histotoxic: Tissues can’t use O2 due to metabolic poisoning

CB (34 decks)

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