16. Arteries Flashcards
Which neurotransmitters carry out sympathetic functions?
Noradrenaline and adrenaline
What is the function of alpha1 and 2 adrenoceptors?
Vasoconstriction
What is the function of beta2 adrenoceptors?
Vasodilation
Which adrenoceptors does NA act on?
Alpha 1 and 2
Cardiac beta 1
Which adrenoceptors does adrenaline act on?
Alpha 1 and 2
Beta 1 and 2
What are arteries composed of?
Smooth muscle
Elastin
Collagen fibres
Why does systolic pressure increase with age?
Compliance decreases because there is a loss of elasticity
Do arteries or arterioles have greater compliance?
Arteries
What controls tone of arterioles?
Local metabolic factors
Sympathetic vasoconstriction
What does pulse wave velocity measure?
Arterial stiffness
List the effects of age on blood pressure
Diastolic: goes from 70-85mmHg
Systolic: 120 to 160mmHg
No change in resting HR but when exercising decreases from 200 to 160
Define grade 1 hypertension
Systolic BP: >140
Diastolic BP: >90
Define grade 2 hypertension
Systolic BP: >160
Diastolic BP: >100
How can hypertension cause morbidity and mortality?
Excess workload on heart
Heart failure and coronary events
Cerebrovascular events
Renal damage
Define pulmonary hypertension
Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure is >25mmHg at rest or >30mmHg during exercise
