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CB > 31. Carriage of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide > Flashcards

31. Carriage of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Flashcards

1
Q

How is oxygen transported in the blood?

A

.3/100 ml is physically dissolved

Remainder combines with haemoglobin

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2
Q

How is the percentage saturation found?

A

Oxygen content/oxygen capacity

Measure by a pulse oximeter

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3
Q

What is Oxygen Capacity?

A

Volume of O2 carried when Hb is 100% saturated

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4
Q

What moves the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?

A

High PCO2
H+
Temperature
2,3-DPG

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5
Q

What is the Bohr effect?

A

Increased PCO2 and H+ causes Hb to release more O2

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6
Q

What causes levels of 2,3-DPG to rise?

A

Exercise, altitude, anaemia, respiratory disease

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7
Q

Why does foetal haemoglobin bind oxygen better than adult haemoglobin?

A

Has gamma chains instead of beta

2,3-DPG doesn’t bind as well to gamma chains

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8
Q

What are 4 situations that involve abnormal transport of oxygen?

A

Anaemia
Oxidation
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Sickle cell anaemia

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9
Q

How might iron in the blood be oxidised from Fe++ to Fe+++?

A

Chemicals and drugs

Eg. Nitrates, nitrites, sulfonamides

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10
Q

What does oxidation cause?

A

Forms methaemoglobin which doesn’t bind oxygen
Methaemoglobinaemia
Treat with methylene blue

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11
Q

What does Hb bound to CO form?

A

Carboxyhaemoglobin

Carboxyhaemoglobinaemia

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12
Q

What is central cyanosis caused by?

A

Arterial blood desaturation

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13
Q

What is peripheral cyanosis caused by?

A

Restricted blood flow

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14
Q

How is carbon dioxide transported?

A

Physically dissolved
Carbamino compounds (Hb and plasma proteins or NH2)
Bicarbonate ions

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15
Q

How is bicarbonate produced from carbon dioxide?

A

H20 + CO2 > H2CO3 > H+ + HCO3-

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16
Q

Why don’t H+ and HCO3- build up?

A

Hb removes them from the RBC

17
Q

What is the chloride shift?

A

Protein mediated transport exchanges HCO3- for Cl-

Lack of products shifts the equilibrium to the right

18
Q

What is the Haldane effect?

A

Deoxygenation of blood increases its ability to carry CO2

19
Q

What effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH?

A

Makes blood pH more acidic

Lack CO2 so equilibrium shifts to left and less HCO3-

20
Q

What effect does hypoventilation have on blood pH?

A

Respiratory acidosis due to more H+

CB (34 decks)

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