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CB > 25. Mechanics of Ventilation 1 > Flashcards

25. Mechanics of Ventilation 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the external environment

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2
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

Uptake, utilisation of oxygen by cells

Release of carbon dioxide

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3
Q

What is gas pressure?

A

Force that the gas exerts on the walls of its container

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4
Q

State Boyle’s law

A

For a fixed mass of enclosed gas at constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume remains constant

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5
Q

What effect does the negative intrathoracic pressure have?

A

Creates a vacuum

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6
Q

Describe the events of inspiration

A
  1. Inspiratory muscles contract
  2. Diameter of the thoracic cage increases
  3. Intrapleural pressure becomes more negative
  4. Transmural pressure increases and causes alveoli to open
  5. Intra-alveolar pressure falls relative to atmospheric pressure
  6. Air flows down pressure gradient into alveoli
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7
Q

What are the primary respiratory muscles?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals

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8
Q

What are the accessory muscles?

A

Scalenes

Sternomastoid

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9
Q

In what diseases might accessory muscles be overactive?

A

Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema

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10
Q

Name the airway muscles

A

Laryngeal
Pharyngeal
Genioglossus

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11
Q

TV

A

Tidal Volume

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12
Q

IRV

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

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13
Q

IC

A

Inspiratory Capacity

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14
Q

ERV

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

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15
Q

RV

A

Residual Volume

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16
Q

FRC

A

Functional Residual Capacity

17
Q

VC

A

Vital Capacity

18
Q

TLC

A

Total Lung Capacity

19
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Forced Expiratory Volume in one second
Expressed as a percentage of FVC
80% in a healthy person

20
Q

Effect of Obstructive Disease on Spirometer

A

Increased RV
Decreased FEV1
Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

21
Q

Effect of Restrictive Disease on Spirometer

A

Decreased TLC
Decreased FEV1
Decreased FVC

CB (34 decks)

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