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Comptia A+ Core 1 > 3.2, 3.3 Hardware - sections 5, 7 > Flashcards

3.2, 3.3 Hardware - sections 5, 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Random Access Memory

A

Random Access Memory (RAM): Used to load applications and files into a non-persistent and fast storage area. One of the best ways to improve your computer system’s performance. Also called system memory

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2
Q

What is the cpu/processor memory Cache

A

Memory that is inside the processor itself small but very high-speed memory.

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3
Q

What is Storage

A

Mass storage deviec that holds more data but is slower than a cache. Permanent storage area. E.g hard drives, USB drives, CD-ROMS, and DVDs

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4
Q

What does RAM Disk Cache do

A

The memory cache for RAM. Pulls the files from the disc into memory and replaces the old file.

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5
Q

Single Bank Memory

A

Seen on most modern motherboards. Where you can put any size of module in any slot

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6
Q

Paired Bank Memory

A

Seen mostly on old motherboards where they required installation of banks in pairs.

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7
Q

Different versions of Dual Data Rate (DDR)

A

This type of memory is used in most modern systems, DDR3, DDR4, DDR5.

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8
Q

Throughput is calculated based on what

A

Bus speed and the width of the data bus.

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9
Q

Types of Memory or RAM

A

Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Static RAM (SRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)

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10
Q

What is Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

A

Oldest type of memory that requires frequent refresh. DRAM storage cell is dynamic meaning it needs to be refreshed often

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11
Q

What is Static RAM (SRAM)

A

Solved the issue of the constant refresh, but was expensive

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12
Q

What is Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)

A

First memory module that operates at the same speed as the motherboard bus.

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13
Q

Types of SDRAM

A

PC66 (66 MHz bus), PC133 (133 MHz bus), PC266 (266 MHz bus)

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14
Q

Types of DDR SDRAM

A

DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, DDR4 SDRAM, DDR SDRAM

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15
Q

What is DDR SDRAM

A

Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR SDRAM): Doubles the transfer speed of SRAM module (184-pin connector)

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16
Q

What is DDR2 SDRAM

A

Double Data Rate 2 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR2 SDRAM): Higher latency and has faster access to the external bus (240-pin connector)

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17
Q

DDR3 SDRAM

A

Double Data Rate 3 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR3 SDRAM): Runs at a lower voltage and at higher speed than DDR2 (240 keyed pin connector).

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18
Q

DDR4 & DDR5

A

DDR4 has 12.8 to 25.6 GB/s of throughput 32 GB per module. PC4-16000 (DDR4 module) 16000 MB/s or 16 GB/s

DDR5 has 38.4 to 51.2 GB/s of throughput 128 GB per module.PC5-42000 (DDR5 module) 42000 MB/s or 42 GB/s

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19
Q

What is SODIMM

A

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SODIMM): Still classified as DDR3, DDR4, or DDR5. SODIMM PC4-16000 (DDR4 SODIMM module) 16000 MB/s or 16 GB/s. Commonly seen in laptops.

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20
Q

What is Multi-Channel Memory on a motherboard

A

Uses two different memory modules to increase the performance and throughput. Multi-Channel Memory gives way to Interleaving which gives you system increased performance. Multiple modules give faster speeds and add memory for storage.

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21
Q

Channel Types

A

Single, Dual, Triple, and Quad

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22
Q

Single Channel

A

Single Channel: Uses one memory module on one bus (64-bit data bus).

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23
Q

Dual-Channel

A

Dual-Channel: Requires two memory modules and two memory slots on the motherboard (128-bit data bus).

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24
Q

Triple-Channel

A

Triple-Channel: Uses three memory modules and three memory slots (192-bit data bus).

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25
Q

Quad-Channel

A

Quad-Channel: Uses four memory modules and four memory slots (256-bit data bus).

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26
Q

What is ECC/ECC memory

A

Error Correcting Code (ECC): Detects and corrects an error.

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27
Q

What is Non-parity memory

A

Non-Parity Memory: Standard memory that does not check for errors and allows data to be put in or taken out. This is what most memory is

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28
Q

What is Parity Memory

A

Parity Memory: Performs basic error checking and ensures the memory contents are reliable. Seen a lot in high-end builds and servers.

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29
Q

What is a Parity Check

A

Parity Check: is a basic calculation to verify if data is good or not. If the data is good it uses it and if the data is not good an error will occur.

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30
Q

Buffered/Registered Memory

A

Additional hardware (register) between memory and CPU. The system requires buffing or ride.The system requires butting or registering the data to reduce.

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31
Q

What is Virtual Memory/Page File

A

Space on a hard drive that is allocated by the OS and pretends to be memory.

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32
Q

The Two types of Virtual Memory

A

Page File (Windows), Swap Space (Linux Unix/Mac). A page file or a swap space is hidden on a storage device and pretends to be system memory

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33
Q

What is Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A

Hard Disk Drive (HDD): are a form of mass storage device.

34
Q

What is Mass Storage Device

A

Mass Storage Device: Non-volatile storage device that holds the data when the system is powered down (GB or TB).

35
Q

Two types of Mass Storage

A

Internal Device, External Device

36
Q

Internal device/Internal mass storage

A

Internal Device: Device that is placed inside the computer case or tower. Includes, hard disk drives, solid state devices, optical drives

37
Q

External device/External mass storage

A

External Device: Device that is placed outside the computer case or tower and connected to an external port. Includes external USB hard drive, or an eSATA drive.

38
Q

Mass Storage device Sizes

A

2.5 inch drive, 3.5 inch drive, 5.25 inch drive

39
Q

2.5 inch drive mass storage device

A

2.5 inch drive: Reserved for internal HDDS and SSDs

40
Q

3.5 inch drive mass storage device

A

3.5 inch drive: Reserved for internal HDDs and SSDs

41
Q

5.25 inch drive mass storage device

A

5.25 inch drive: Reserved for optical drives, backup tape drives, and floppy disc drives.You can use an adapter to put a smaller device into a larger bay.

42
Q

What are the parts of a Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A

Platter, Spindle, Read/Write Head, Actuator

43
Q

How does a HDD seek and retrieve data

A

Seeking or Retrieving Data: Movement of the actuator an the read/write head to read the data. Speed that is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM) gives better drive performance.

45
Q

HDD speeds

A

5400 RPM(slowest, workstations and PCs), 7200 RPM(Faster performance, modern computers), 10,000 RPM(high-performance drive, gaming PCs), 15,000 RPM(Highest RPM most expensive, not commonly seen)

46
Q

What is a Buffer size/HDD Buffer size

A

Buffer Size: Internal buffer or cache on a hard disc drive (8 MB to 256 MB). The larger the buffer the better performance.

47
Q

Connector cables for HDD’s

A

7-pin(Data Connector that is a L-shaped cable), 15-pin(Power Connector that is a L-shaped connector), Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Supports either 7 0r 15 devices in a daisy chain).

48
Q

What is a Solid State Drive(SSD)

A

Solid State Drive (SSD): Uses flash memory technology to implement persistent mass storage.

49
Q

Types or form factors of SSD

A

2.5(Large/medium laptop or small desktop), 1.8(inside small laptops), M2(small sleek memory chip used more often that 1.8)

50
Q

Types of SSD Cable Connectors

A

SATA, mSATA, NVMe

51
Q

SATA SSD Connector

A

Old, seen on 2.5’s, and 1.8 SSDs

52
Q

mSATA SSD Connector

A

mSATA: Allows the SSD to be used as an adapter card that can be plugged into a combined data and power port on the motherboard.

53
Q

Non-volatile Memory Express(NVMe) SSD Connector

A

Non-volatile Memory Express (NVMe): A communication protocol used with the M2 form factor to plug directly into the motherboard.

54
Q

What is RAID

A

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID): Combination of multiple physical hard disks that is recognized by the operating system. Provide redundancy and high-availability.

55
Q

Raid Types

A

RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10

56
Q

Raid 0

A

RAID 0: Striping. And is also great for speed but provides no data redundancy. And has no loss of space on the disks. 2 disks

57
Q

RAID 1

A

RAID 1: Mirroring and Redundancy. Provides full redundancy, but loss of space on the disks. 2 disks

58
Q

RAID 5

A

RAID 5: Parity. Can lose one disk and still operate. Most commonly seen in server rooms, and used by small businesses. 3 or more disks, but minimum of 3 disks

59
Q

RAID 6

A

RAID 6: Striping with Dual Parity. Can lose two disk and still operate. 4 disks

60
Q

RAID 10

A

RAID 10: Mirror and Striping. Good for speed and redundancy, but using 4 disks.

61
Q

Raid configuration categories

A

Failure Resistant, Fault Tolerant, Disaster Tolerant

62
Q

Failure Resistant Raids

A

Failure Resistant: Protection against the loss of erased data ( RAID 1/RAID 5).

63
Q

Fault Tolerant Raids

A

Fault Tolerant: Raid can function even a component fails (RAID 1/RAID 5/RAID 6).

64
Q

Disaster Tolerant Raids

A

Disaster Tolerant: RAID with two independent zones with full data access (RAID 10).

65
Q

What is Removable Storage

A

Removeable Storage: Basically external storage. Any storage device that can be moved from computer to computer without have to open up the case to remove the storage device.

66
Q

What are Hot-Swappable storage drives

A

Hot-Swappable: Capable of being removed or replaced without disruption or powering off the device. Hot-swappable drives are safe to remove without losing the data. This feature gives us the ability to add/remove additional storage.

67
Q

Types of Hot-Swappable storage drive connectors

A

USB, Thunderbolt, eSATA

68
Q

What is Advanced Host Controller Interface(AHCI)

A

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI): Technical standard developed by intel that allows hot-swappable capability with SATA devices.

69
Q

What is a Drive Enclosure

A

Drive Enclosure: Takes an internal hard drive and put it in an enclosure.

70
Q

What is a Secure Digital Storage Card

A

Secure Digital (SD): The original secure digital cards had a maximum capacity of 2 GB. A storage card with only 2 GB of space

71
Q

Types of SD(Secure Digital) Storage Cards

A

SD, MiniSD, MicoSD, CompactFlash, Memory Stick

72
Q

What is a Tape Storage Drive

A

Tape Drive: a tape drive uses a magnetic tape and is placed into a reader.

73
Q

Types of Tape Drives

A

Standard Type(stores 140 GB), LTO Ultrium Tape(3 TB data)

74
Q

Types of Optical Drives

A

Compact Disk(CD), Digital Versatile Disc(DVD), BD(Blu-ray Disc), CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and BD-ROM are all read only disks

75
Q

What is a CD

A

CD (Compact Disc): Oldest form of optical drive that stores 74 to 80 minutes of music (650-700 MB).

76
Q

What is a DVD

A

DVD (Digital Versatile Disc): Stores 4.7 GB or 8.4 GB (DL). Could store a whole movie

77
Q

What is Blu-ray

A

BD (Blu-ray Disc): Stores 25 GB or 50 GB (DL). Again could store a whole movie.

78
Q

Different Versions of Optical Drives

A

Read-only(ROM), Write-once(R), Write-many/Erasable(RW/RAM/RE)

79
Q

Read-only(ROM)

A

Read-only(ROM): Version of optical drives that can only read, e.g, CD, DVD, BD

80
Q

Write-once(R)

A

Write-once(R): Version of optical drives that allows writing that cannot be erased, e.g, CD-R, DVD-R, DV+R, BD-R

81
Q

Write-many/Erasable (RW/RAM/RE)

A

Write-many/Erasable(RW/RAM/RE): Version of optical drives that allows to write and erase the file to creae a new one. e.g, CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD-RAM, BD-RE

Comptia A+ Core 1 (12 decks)

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