2.0 Networking- Sections 10, 11 Flashcards
What is a NIC?
Network Interface Card(NIC). Provides an ethernet connection to the network.
What is a Hub?
A hub is an older piece of networking technology that connects multiple ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment.
What is a Switch?
Networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device. Switches are smart hubs that remember the ports that are connected to them.
Types of Switches?
Unmanaged Switch and Managed Switch.
What is a Unmanaged Switch?
An unmanaged switch performs its function without requiring a configuration.
What is a Managed Switch?
A managed switch performs its functions with configuration.
What is a Wireless Access Point?
A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.
What is a Router?
Used to connect different networks together.
What is a Firewall?
Scans and blocks traffic that enters or leaves a network.
What is a UTM?
Unified Threat Management(UTM). Contains firewall features
What is Patch Panel?
A mounted hardware device that allows cable network jacks from a wall into a central area.
What is PoE?
Power Over Ethernet(PoE). Supplies electrical power from a switch port over an ordinary data cable to a power device.
What are the three levels/types of PoE?
802.3af, 802.3at(PoE+), 802.3bt(PoE++).
What is 802.3at?
Also known as PoE+. A level of PoE that allows power to devices to draw up 25W.
What is 802.3bt?
Also known as PoE++. A level of PoE used to supply power of up to 51W (type 3) or 73W(type 4 ).
What are the three things to remember about PoE?
Use a switch that supports PoE. Use proper cabling in place for support (Cat 6 or above). Power device to use the data and power coming from the ethernet cable.
What is a Cable Modem?
A device that translates coaxial cable signals into radio frequency waves. Hybrid fiber-coaxial(HFC), Data-Over-Cable Service Interface(DOCSIS) Think Cable Modem.
What is a DSL modem?
A Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) modem. A device that translates coacial cable signals into phone lines.
What is a SDN?
Software Define Networking(SDN). Way of virtualizing the network hardware.
What is a PAN?
Personal Area Network(PAN). Smallest type of wired or wireless network and covers the least amount of area, usually 3 to 10 feet. Examples: Bluetooth, USB.
What is a LAN?
Local Area Network(LAN). Connects componenets within a limited distance, usually up to a few hundred feet. Room or building.
Examples: Home WiFi, Office Network.
What is a CAN?
Campus Area Network(CAN). Connects LANs that are building centric across a university, industrial park or business park. Usually up to few miles and across multiple buildings.
Examples: A college Campus
What is a WAN?
Wide Area Network(WAN). Connects geographically disparate internal networks and consists of leased lines of VPNS the largest type of network. Usually a worldwide coverage. Country or Worldwide.
Examples: the internet itself. And is the largest WAN available.
What is a WLAN?
Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN). A wireless distribution method for two or more devices that creates a local area network using wireless frequencies.
What is a SAN?
Storage Area Network(SAN). Provisions access to configurable pools of storage devices that can be used by applications servers. SAN will use technologies such as Internet SCSI(ISCSI), Fiber Channel(FC).
what is SoHo and what does it use?
Small Office, Home Office(SoHo) LAN. Uses a centralized server or simply provides clients access to local devices like printers, file storage, or the internet.
What is IoT?
Internet of Things(IoT). A global network of appliances and personal devices that have been equipped with sensors, software, and network connectivity to report state and configuration. Examples: Smart Lightbulbs, Smart Thermostats.
What are the categories and components of IoT?
Hub and control systems, Sensors, Smart devices, Wearables.
The two types of Twisted Pair Cabling
(UTP)Unshielded twisted pair, (STP)Shielded twisted pair.
Unshielded Twisted Pair
UTP doesn’t use any metal in the shielding and therefore UTP is cheaper.
Shielded Twisted Pair
Same as UTP, except each twisted pair inside the cable sheath is wrapped inside metal foil, and will also have a braided metallic shielding wrapping around each pair. Expensive
The two types of connectors used with twisted pair
RJ45(common), RJ11
What is RJ in RJ45.
Registered Jack(RJ). Carries voice or data which specifies the standards a device needs to meet in order to connect to the phone or data network.
What is Bandwidth?
The theoretical measure of how much data could be transferred from a source to its destination.
What is throughput?
The actual measure of how much data is successfully transferred from a source to its destination.
What are the Cabling CATegories?
Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat8
What is the Ethernet Standard
A designation given to a particular category that provides the ability to understand the bandwidth and the cable type to be used.
Three Types of physical construction cables
Direct Burial, Plenum, Non-Plenum
Direct Burial Cable
Cable with a stronger sheathing and jack that can withstand extreme weather conditions. Goes directly into the ground under dirt, cement, and concrete.
Plenum Cable/Non-Plenum
A special UTP, STP coating that provides a fire-retardant chemical layer to the other insulting jacket. Goes in ceilings, walls, air ducts, and raised floors. Non-Plenum is UTP and STP.
Fiber Optic Cable
Uses light from an LED or laser to transmit information through a thin glass fiber.
Types of Fiber Optic Cable
Single Mode(SMF), Multimode(MMF)
Single Mode(SMF)
Used for longer distances and has smaller core size which allows only a single mode of travel for the light signal. SMF core size 8.3-10u(microns). Expensive with Yellow Shealth
Multimode(MMF)
Used for shorter distances and has larger core size which allows for multiple modes of travel for the light signal. MMF core size 50-100u in diameter. cheap with blue or orange shealth.
Fiber Optic Cable Connecter Types
Subscriber Connector(Stick and Click), Straight Tip Connector(Stick and Twist), Lucent Connector(Love Connector), MTRJ(Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack).
Coaxial Cable
One the oldest categories of copper media or cabling, still used today.
Coaxial Cable Parts
Center Core, Insulator, Metallic Shield, Braided metal shielding, Plastic jacket.
Coaxial Cable Types
RG-6, RG-59
Coaxial Cable Connectors
F-type, Bayonet Neill-Concelman(BNC/British Naval), Twinaxial Cable
The three ways to perform wireless spectrum transmission
Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS), Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum(FHSS), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM).
Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS)
Wireless spectrum that modulates data over an entire range of frequencies using a series of signals known as chips. not used very often.
Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum(FHSS)
Wireless spectrum that allows devices to hop between predetermined frequencies. Good for security but slows down bandwidth
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)
Wirelesss spectrum that uses a slow modulation rate with simultaneous transmissions over 52 different data streams. Most commonly used.
Wireless networking spectrums
2.4GHz, and 5GHz
What is a channel in wireless networking
A virtual medium through which wireless networks can send and receive data.
What is channel bonding in wireless networking.
Allows for creation of a wider channel by merging neighboring channels into one. But can increases interference.
Wireless networking Standards
802.11a(5GHz,54 Mbps), 802.11b(2.4GHz,11 Mbps), 802.11g(2.4GHz,54 Mbps), 802.11n(2.4/5GHz,150 Mbps), 802.11ac(5GHz,3 Gbps), 802.11ax(2.4/5/6GHz,9.6 Gbps)
802.11a has what spectrum/speeds
5GHZ, 54Mbps
802.11b has what spectrum/speeds
24.GHz, and 11Mbps
802.11g has what spectrum/speeds
2.4GHz, 54Mbps
802.11n has what spectrum/speeds
2.4 & 5GHz, 150Mbps
802.11ac has what spectrum/speeds
5GHz, 3Gbps
802.11ax has what spectrum/speeds
2.4 & 5GHz, 9.6Gbps
Multiple-input and Multiple-Output(MIMO)
Uses multiple antennas to send and receive data than it could with a single antenna.
Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output(MUMIMO)
Allows multiple users to access the wireless network and access point at the same time. Newer version of MIMO.
Radio Frequency Interference(RFI)
Occurs when there are similar frequencies to wireless networks in the area. As signal decreases in strength or interference increases, the signal-to-noise ratio worsens.
The three types of wireless security protocols.
Wired Equivalent Privacy(WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access(WPA), Wi-Fi Protected Access 2(WPA2).
What is WEP in wireless security
Wired Equivalent Privacy(WEP): Original 802.11 wireless security standard which is an increase in security protocol.
What is WPA in wireless security
Wi-Fi Protected Access(WPA): Replaced WEP and follows the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol(TKIP). Still considered weak for today’s standards
What is WPA2 in wireless security
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2(WPA2): Created as part of IEEE 802.11i standard and requires stronger encryption and integrity checking through CCMP.
MAC Address Filtering
Configures an access point with listing of permitted MAC address (like an ACL)
Disabling SSID Broadcast
Configures an access point not to broadcast the name of the wireless LAN.
Types of Fixed Wireless
Wi-Fi(802.11), Cellular, Microwave, Satellite
Wi-Fi(802.11) Fixed Wireless is/does?
Creates a point to point connections from one building to another over a relatively short distance.
Cellular Fixed Wireless uses what
Uses a larger antenna and a larger hotspot powered by a power outlet within an office or home.
Microwave Fixed Wireless
Creates a point to point connection between two or more buildings that have larger distances. Up to 40 miles
Satellite Fixed Wireless
A long range and fixed wireless solution that can go miles. Low earth orbit more satellites, Geosynchronous Orbit one satellite covers more
What is NFC?
Near Field Communication(NFC). Uses radio frequency to send electromagnetic charge containing the transaction data over a short distance.
What is RFID?
Radio Frequency Identification(RFID): A form of radio frequency transmission modified for use in authentication systems.
What is IrDA?
Infrared Data(IrDA). Older tech, allows two devices to communicate using line of sight communication in the infrared spectrum.
What is Bluetooth?
Bluetooth creates a personal area network over 2.4GHz to allow for wireless connectivity. Replaced infrared.
