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Comptia A+ Core 1 > 2.0 Networking > Flashcards

2.0 Networking Flashcards

1
Q

What is a NIC?

A

Network Interface Card(NIC). Provides an ethernet connection to the network.

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2
Q

What is a Hub?

A

A hub is an older piece of networking technology that connects multiple ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment.

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3
Q

What is a Switch?

A

Networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device. Switches are smart hubs that remember the ports that are connected to them.

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4
Q

Types of Switches?

A

Unmanaged Switch and Managed Switch.

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5
Q

What is a Unmanaged Switch?

A

An unmanaged switch performs its function without requiring a configuration.

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6
Q

What is a Managed Switch?

A

A managed switch performs its functions with configuration.

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7
Q

What is a Wireless Access Point?

A

A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.

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8
Q

What is a Router?

A

Used to connect different networks together.

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9
Q

What is a Firewall?

A

Scans and blocks traffic that enters or leaves a network.

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10
Q

What is a UTM?

A

Unified Threat Management(UTM). Contains firewall features

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11
Q

What is Patch Panel?

A

A device that allows cable network jacks from a wall into a central area.

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12
Q

What is PoE?

A

Power Over Ethernet(PoE). Supplies electrical power from a switch port over an ordinary data cable to a power device.

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13
Q

What are the three levels/types of PoE?

A

802.3af, 802.3at(PoE+), 802.3bt(PoE++).

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14
Q

What is 802.3af?

A

The oldest version of PoE. Allows the least amount of power to be drawn.

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15
Q

What is 802.3at?

A

Also known as PoE+. A level of PoE that allows power to devices to draw up 25W.

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16
Q

What is 802.3bt?

A

Also known as PoE++. A level of PoE used to supply power of up to 51W (type 3) or 73W(type 4 ).

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17
Q

What are the three things to remember about PoE?

A

Use a switch that supports PoE. Use proper cabling in place for support (Cat 6 or above). Power device to use the data and power coming from the ethernet cable.

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18
Q

What is a Cable Modem?

A

A device that translates coaxial cable signals into radio frequency waves. Hybrid fiber-coaxial(HFC), Data-Over-Cable Service Interface(DOCSIS) Think Cable Modem.

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19
Q

What is a DSL modem?

A

A Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) modem. A device that translates coacial cable signals into phone lines.

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20
Q

What is a SDN?

A

Software Define Networking(SDN). Way of virtualizing the network hardware.

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21
Q

What is a PAN?

A

Personal Area Network(PAN). Smallest type of wired or wireless network and covers the least amount of area, usually 3 to 10 feet. Examples: Bluetooth, USB.

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22
Q

What is a LAN?

A

Local Area Network(LAN). Connects componenets within a limited distance, usually up to a few hundred feet. Room or building.
Examples: Home WiFi, Office Network.

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23
Q

What is a CAN?

A

Campus Area Network(CAN). Connects LANs that are building centric across a university, industrial park or business park. Usually up to few miles and across multiple buildings.
Examples: A college Campus

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24
Q

What is a WAN?

A

Wide Area Network(WAN). Connects geographically disparate internal networks and consists of leased lines of VPNS the largest type of network. Usually a worldwide coverage. Country or Worldwide.
Examples: the internet itself. And is the largest WAN available.

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25
Q

What is a WLAN?

A

Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN). A wireless distribution method for two or more devices that creates a local area network using wireless frequencies.

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26
Q

What is a SAN?

A

Storage Area Network(SAN). Provisions access to configurable pools of storage devices that can be used by applications servers. SAN will use technologies such as Internet SCSI(ISCSI), Fiber Channel(FC).

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27
Q

what is SoHo?

A

Small Office, Home Office(SoHo) LAN. Uses a centralized server or simply provides clients access to local devices like printers, file storage, or the internet.

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28
Q

What is IoT?

A

Internet of Things(IoT). A global network of appliances and personal devices that have been equipped with sensors, software, and network connectivity to report state and configuration. Examples: Smart Lightbulbs, Smart Thermostats.

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29
Q

What are the categories and components of IoT?

A

Hub and control systems, Smart devices, Wearables, Sensors.

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30
Q

The two types of Twisted Pair Cabling

A

(UTP)Unshielded twisted pair, (STP)Shielded twisted pair.

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31
Q

Unshielded Twisted Pair

A

UTP doesn’t use any metal in the shielding and therefore UTP is cheaper.

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32
Q

Shielded Twisted Pair

A

Same as UTP, except each twisted pair inside the cable sheath is wrapped inside metal foil, and will also have a braided metallic shielding wrapping around each pair. Expensive

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33
Q

The two types of connectors used with twisted pair

A

RJ45(common), RJ11

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34
Q

What is RJ in RJ45.

A

Registered Jack(RJ). Carries voice or data which specifies the standards a device needs to meet in order to connect to the phone or data network.

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35
Q

What is Bandwidth?

A

The theoretical measure of how much data could be transferred from a source to its destination.

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36
Q

What is throughput?

A

The actual measure of how much data is successfully transferred from a source to its destination.

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37
Q

What are the Cabling CATegories?

A

Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat8

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38
Q

What is the Ethernet Standard

A

A designation given to a particular category that provides the ability to understand the bandwidth and the cable type to be used.

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39
Q

Three Types of physical construction cables

A

Direct Burial, Plenum, Non-Plenum

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40
Q

Direct Burial Cable

A

Cable with a stronger sheathing and jack that can withstand extreme weather conditions. Goes directly into the ground under dirt, cement, and concrete.

41
Q

Plenum Cable/Non-Plenum

A

A special UTP, STP coating that provides a fire-retardant chemical layer to the other insulting jacket. Goes in ceilings, walls, air ducts, and raised floors. Non-Plenum is UTP and STP.

42
Q

Fiber Optic Cable

A

Uses light from an LED or laser to transmit information through a thin glass fiber.

43
Q

Types of Fiber Optic Cable

A

Single Mode(SMF), Multimode(MMF)

44
Q

Single Mode(SMF)

A

Used for longer distances and has smaller core size which allows only a single mode of travel for the light signal. SMF core size 8.3-10u(microns). Expensive with Yellow Shealth

45
Q

Multimode(MMF)

A

Used for shorter distances and has larger core size which allows for multiple modes of travel for the light signal. MMF core size 50-100u in diameter. cheap with blue or orange shealth.

46
Q

Fiber Optic Cable Connecter Types

A

Subscriber Connector(Stick and Click), Straight Tip Connector(Stick and Twist), Lucent Connector(Love Connector), MTRJ(Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack).

47
Q

Coaxial Cable

A

One the oldest categories of copper media or cabling, still used today.

48
Q

Coaxial Cable Parts

A

Center Core, Insulator, Metallic Shield, Braided metal shielding, Plastic jacket.

49
Q

Coaxial Cable Types

A

RG-6, RG-59

50
Q

Coaxial Cable Connectors

A

F-type, Bayonet Neill-Concelman(BNC/British Naval), Twinaxial Cable

51
Q

The three ways to perform wireless spectrum transmission

A

Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS), Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum(FHSS), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM).

52
Q

Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS)

A

Wireless spectrum that modulates data over an entire range of frequencies using a series of signals known as chips. not used very often.

53
Q

Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum(FHSS)

A

Wireless spectrum that allows devices to hop between predetermined frequencies. Good for security but slows down bandwidth

54
Q

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)

A

Wirelesss spectrum that uses a slow modulation rate with simultaneous transmissions over 52 different data streams. Most commonly used.

55
Q

Wireless networking spectrums

A

2.4GHz, and 5GHz

56
Q

What is a channel in wireless networking

A

A virtual medium through which wireless networks can send and receive data.

57
Q

What is channel bonding in wireless networking.

A

Allows for creation of a wider channel by merging neighboring channels into one. But can increases interference.

58
Q

Wireless networking Standards

A

802.11a(5GHz,54 Mbps), 802.11b(2.4GHz,11 Mbps), 802.11g(2.4GHz,54 Mbps), 802.11n(2.4/5GHz,150 Mbps), 802.11ac(5GHz,3 Gbps), 802.11ax(2.4/5/6GHz,9.6 Gbps)

59
Q

Multiple-input and Multiple-Output(MIMO)

A

Uses multiple antennas to send and receive data than it could with a single antenna.

60
Q

Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output(MUMIMO)

A

Allows multiple users to access the wireless network and access point at the same time. Newer version of MIMO.

61
Q

Radio Frequency Interference(RFI)

A

Occurs when there are similar frequencies to wireless networks in the area. As signal decreases in strength or interference increases, the signal-to-noise ratio worsens.

62
Q

The three types of wireless security protocols.

A

Wired Equivalent Privacy(WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access(WPA), Wi-Fi Protected Access 2(WPA2).

63
Q

What is WEP in wireless security

A

Wired Equivalent Privacy(WEP): Original 802.11 wireless security standard which is an increase in security protocol.

64
Q

What is WPA in wireless security

A

Wi-Fi Protected Access(WPA): Replaced WEP and follows the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol(TKIP). Still considered weak for today’s standards

65
Q

What is WPA2 in wireless security

A

Wi-Fi Protected Access 2(WPA2): Created as part of IEEE 802.11i standard and requires stronger encryption and integrity checking through CCMP.

66
Q

MAC Address Filtering

A

Configures an access point with listing of permitted MAC address (like an ACL)

67
Q

Disabling SSID Broadcast

A

Configures an access point not to broadcast the name of the wireless LAN.

68
Q

Types of Fixed Wireless

A

Wi-Fi(802.11), Cellular, Microwave, Satellite

69
Q

Wi-Fi(802.11) Fixed Wireless

A

Creates a point to point connections from one building to another over a relatively short distance.

70
Q

Cellular Fixed Wireless

A

Uses a larger antenna and a larger hotspot powered by a power outlet within an office or home.

71
Q

Microwave Fixed Wireless

A

Creates a point to point connection between two or more buildings that have larger distances. Up to 40 miles

72
Q

Satellite Fixed Wireless

A

A long range and fixed wireless solution that can go miles. Low earth orbit more satellites, Geosynchronous Orbit one satellite covers more

73
Q

What is NFC?

A

Near Field Communication(NFC). Uses radio frequency to send electromagnetic charge containing the transaction data over a short distance.

74
Q

What is RFID?

A

A form of radio frequency transmission modified for use in authentication systems.

75
Q

What is IrDA?

A

Infrared Data(IrDA). Older tech, allows two devices to communicate using line of sight communication in the infrared spectrum.

76
Q

What is Bluetooth?

A

Bluetooth creates a personal area network over 2.4GHz to allow for wireless connectivity. Replaced infrared.

77
Q

DSL and ISP

A

(ISP)Internet Service Provider. (DSL)Dial-up internet oldest type of WAN(Wide Area Network).

78
Q

Three types of Digital Subscriber Line(DSL)

A

Asymmetric DSL(ADSL), Symmetric DSL(SDSL), Very High Bit-rate DSL(VDSL).

79
Q

Asymmetric DSL(ADSL)

A

Has different speeds of download and upload. Maximizes download - minimizes uploads.

80
Q

Symmetric DSL(SDSL)

A

Has equal speeds of download and upload.

81
Q

Very High Bit-Rate DSL(VDSL)

A

Has high speeds of download and upload. 50Mbps download, 10Mbps upload.

82
Q

Fiber Connections

A

Fiber to the Curb(FTTC), Fiber To The Premises(FTTP).

83
Q

Fiber to the Curb(FTTC)

A

Runs a fiber optic cable from an internet provider access point to curb.

84
Q

Fiber To The Premises(FTTP)

A

Fiber Optic that connects directly to a building and connects to an optical network terminal(ONT: Physcial devices that convert optical signals to electrical signals)

85
Q

What does the “G” in 5G mean

A

Refers to the generation of cellular technology being used.

86
Q

What is LTE

A

Long-Term Evolution that came out with 4G, and has speeds of 100Mbps. Then came LTE-A speed was 1Gbps.

87
Q

the three 5G bands

A

Low-band, Mid-band, High-band

88
Q

Low-band 5G

A

Lowest 5G band, has longer range. 600-850 MHz, 30-250 Mbps.

89
Q

Mid-band 5G

A

Most Common 5G band. 2.5-3.7GHz, 100-900Mbps.

90
Q

High-band 5G

A

highest 5G band, 25-39 GHz, 1Gbps

91
Q

WISP Connections

A

Uses microwave beams of radio waves in the microwave frequency range to transmit information between two fixed locations

92
Q

Satellite Connections

A

A method of using communication satellites located in space to connect a user to the internet. Seen on rural homes in the country.

93
Q

What is TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A set of standardized protocol/or layers used to interconnect network devices on the internet.

94
Q

What are the TCP/IP protocols/layers

A

Link/Network Interface Layer, Internet Layer, Transport Layer, Application layer.

95
Q

Link/Network Interface Layer of TCP/IP

A

Lowest layer of TCP/IP. Puts fames in the physical network’s transmission media. Data can only travel through the local area network.

96
Q

Internet Layer of TCP/IP

A

Second Layer of TCP/IP. Used to address packets and route them access the network.

97
Q

Transport Layer of TCP/IP

A

Third Layer of TCP/IP. Shows how to send the packets.

98
Q

Application Layer of TCP/IP

A

Fourth and top layer of TCP/IP. Contains all the protocols that perform higher-level functions. And performs the function e.g. sending an email, file transfer.

99
Q

The two types of Transport Lays in TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)guaranteed delivery of data. User Datagram Protocol(UDP)connectionless protocol faster, data delivery not guaranteed.

Comptia A+ Core 1 (12 decks)

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