3.1 Hardware - section 2, 10 Flashcards
Bit:
The term bit refers to a binary digit. A single “bit” can store one of two values: 1 or 0. And is display using a lowercase “b”. Computer measure storage and data transfer rates in terms of bits
Nibble:
is 4 bits
Byte:
is 8 bits. Is displayed using an uppercase “B”.
Kilobit:
1000 bits(1Kb), 1Kbps(1Kilobit per second).
Mega:
Meaning 1,000,000(1 million) so you can have 1Mb(1 Megabit) or 1MB(1 Megabyte)
Giga:
Meaning 1,000,000,000(1 billion) so you can have 1Gb(1 Gigabit) or 1GB( 1 Gigabyte)
Tera:
Meaning 1,000,000,000,000(1 trillion) so you can have 1Tb(1 Terabit) or 1TB(1 Terabyte)
What does USB stand for
Universal Serial Bus
DB9 Connector:
D-Shaped sub-miniature pin at the back of a computer. The fastest speed of a Serial Cable is 115 kilobits per second.
Host Controller:
Uses the same amount of bandwidth for all devices in a port.
USB Cale Length performance difference
Longer Cables have higher changes of resistance and speed and signal deterioration. A short cable will give maximum performance.
What is an HDMI cable
HDMI is the most Widely used video Interface. HDMI High Resolution 4k and 8k with 60, 120, or 144 Hertz
HDMI Digital Content Protection (HDCP):
Allows a device to validate the connection
The two HDMI cable categories
HDMI Category 1 (Standard), HDMI Category 2 and Category 2.1 (High Speed)
HDMI Category 1 (Standard)
Used for video content .Category 1 supports 1080P and 60 Hertz
HDMI Category 2 and Category 2.1 (High Speed)
Has a great length of distance and high resolution. Category 2 and 2.1 includes premium high speed of 18Gbps and ultra-high speed of 48Gbps that are specified for data transfer
What is an DP cable
DisplayPort (DP): Display port was developed by the industry association known as the Video Electronic Standards Association or VESA. Display was made to compete with HDMI, so most things you find with HDMI also have Display Port. DisplayPort has the same capabilities as HDMI. DisplayPort can support high speed data transfer up to 20Gbps
DVI Cable Types
DVI-A (Analog), DVI-D, DVI-I
What is a VGA cable.
Video Graphics Array (VGA): Uses a 15-pin standard analog video interface port. VGA connectors are a “D” shaped connector similar to a serial connector but instead of 9 or 25 pins it only has 15.
What is a Thunderbolt cable
Thunderbolt: Acts like a display interface like HDMI and DisplayPort, but can do data transfer which is what it is mainly used for. Was extremely popular with apple products originally, but has been used for Windows and Linux computers as well.
Versions of Thunderbolt
Only verisons 1, 2 , 3 are for video interface, version 4 is for storage.
The two types of twisted pair cabling
Unshielded twisted pair(UTP), Shielded twisted pair(STP)
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP): UTP is the cheaper cable. UTP doesn’t use any metal in the shielding and therefore UTP is going to be cheaper, for it is all plastic, except for the thin copper wires inside the four pairs that make up the eight wires. Because of its low cost UTP is the common choice for most local area networks these days. UTP can be bent very easily and pushed through tight and small spaces.
Shielded Twisted Pair
Shielded Twisted Pair(STP): Is the same as UTP, except that each twisted pair inside the cable sheath is wrapped inside metal foil, and will also have a braided metallic shield wrapping around each pair. All the extra metal in STP makes STP more expensive to buy compared to UTP.
The two types of connectors used with twisted pair
RJ45, RJ11
What is Registered Jack(RJ)
Carries voice or data which specifies the standards a device needs to meet in order to connect to the phone or data network.
RJ45
Most commonly used connector in our networks. Is a eight pin connector. Use for data networks
RJ11
Is a six pin connector, you commonly see this for phone systems such as to connect your phone to a landline jack.
Bandwidth
The theoretical measure of how much data could be transferred from a source to its destination
Throughput
The actual measure of how much data is successfully transferred from a source to its destination
Categories of Cat Cabling
Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat8
What is the Ethernet Standard
A designation given to a particular category that provides the ability to understand the bandwidth and the cable type to be used
Three types of cables for physical construction
Direct Burial, Plenum, Non-plenum
Direct Burial
A cable rating the specifies that a cable has a stronger sheathing and jacket that can withstand more extreme weather conditions. Can go directly into the ground and can be covered with dirt, cement or concrete.
Plenum Cable
A special coating put on a UTP or an STP cable that provides a fire-retardant chemical layer to the other insulating jacket. Plenum cables are for ceilings, walls, raised floors, or air ducts.
Non-Plenum
Is just regular UTP or STP
Fiber Optic Cable
Uses light from an LED or Laser to transmit information through a thin glass fiber.
The two categories of Fiber Optic Cable
Single Mode(SMF), Multimode(MMF)
Single Mode fiber optic cable
Single Mode(SMF): Used for longer distances and has smaller core size which allows for only a single mode of travel for the light signal. SMF’s core size is 8.3-10u(microns) in diameter. More expensive. Has a yellow sheath.
Multimode
Multimode(MMF): Used for shorter distances and has larger core size which allows for multiple modes of travel for the light signal. MMF’s core size is 50-100u(microns) in diameter. Less expensive. Has a blue or orange sheath. Allows light to start bouncing around and refracting. Due to this multimode fiber is usually going to be used shorter distances around 2 kilometers or less.
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial Cable(Coax): One of the oldest categories of copper media that is still used in networking today.
The five Coaxial Cable Parts
Center Core: Passes all the data over it. Insulator, Metallic Shield, Braided metal shielding, Plastic Jacket
The two of Coaxial Cable Types
RG-6, RG-59
