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Comptia A+ Core 1 > 2.0 Networking - sections 12, 13 > Flashcards

2.0 Networking - sections 12, 13 Flashcards

1
Q

DSL and ISP

A

(ISP)Internet Service Provider. (DSL)Dial-up internet oldest type of WAN(Wide Area Network).

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2
Q

Three types of Digital Subscriber Line(DSL)

A

Asymmetric DSL(ADSL), Symmetric DSL(SDSL), Very High Bit-rate DSL(VDSL).

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3
Q

Asymmetric DSL(ADSL)

A

Has different speeds of download and upload. Maximizes download - minimizes uploads.

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4
Q

Symmetric DSL(SDSL)

A

Has equal speeds of download and upload.

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5
Q

Very High Bit-Rate DSL(VDSL)

A

Has high speeds of download and upload. 50Mbps download, 10Mbps upload.

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6
Q

Fiber Connections

A

Fiber to the Curb(FTTC), Fiber To The Premises(FTTP).

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7
Q

Fiber to the Curb(FTTC)

A

Runs a fiber optic cable from an internet provider access point to curb.

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8
Q

Fiber To The Premises(FTTP)

A

Fiber Optic that connects directly to a building and connects to an optical network terminal(ONT: Physcial devices that convert optical signals to electrical signals)

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9
Q

What does the “G” in 5G mean

A

Refers to the generation of cellular technology being used.

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10
Q

What is LTE

A

Long-Term Evolution that came out with 4G, and has speeds of 100Mbps. Then came LTE-A speed was 1Gbps.

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11
Q

the three 5G bands

A

Low-band, Mid-band, High-band

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12
Q

Low-band 5G

A

Lowest 5G band, has longer range. 600-850 MHz, 30-250 Mbps.

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13
Q

Mid-band 5G

A

Most Common 5G band. 2.5-3.7GHz, 100-900Mbps.

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14
Q

High-band 5G

A

highest 5G band, 25-39 GHz, 1Gbps

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15
Q

WISP Connections

A

Uses microwave beams of radio waves in the microwave frequency range to transmit information between two fixed locations

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16
Q

Satellite Connections

A

A method of using communication satellites located in space to connect a user to the internet. Seen on rural homes in the country.

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17
Q

What is TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A set of standardized protocol/or layers used to interconnect network devices on the internet.

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18
Q

What are the TCP/IP protocols/layers

A

Link/Network Interface Layer, Internet Layer, Transport Layer, Application layer.

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19
Q

Link/Network Interface Layer of TCP/IP

A

Lowest layer of TCP/IP. Puts fames in the physical network’s transmission media. Data can only travel through the local area network.

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20
Q

Internet Layer of TCP/IP

A

Second Layer of TCP/IP. Used to address packets and route them access the network.

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21
Q

Transport Layer of TCP/IP

A

Third Layer of TCP/IP. Shows how to send the packets.

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22
Q

Application Layer of TCP/IP

A

Fourth and top layer of TCP/IP. Contains all the protocols that perform higher-level functions. And performs the function e.g. sending an email, file transfer.

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23
Q

The two types of Transport Lays in TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)guaranteed delivery of data. User Datagram Protocol(UDP)connectionless protocol faster, data delivery not guaranteed.

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24
Q

IPv4

A

Internet Protocol Version 4(IPv4): IPv4 is the most common type of IP addressing used in our networks today, 4.2 billion addresses.

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25
Q

IPv4 classes

A

Highest amount of possible host to lowest. Classes A, B, C, D, and E.

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26
Q

Multicast Address IPv4

A

A logical Identifier for a group of hosts in a computer network.

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27
Q

Classful Mask

A

Default subnet mask for a given class of IP addresses.
255.255.255.0 for class C

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28
Q

CIDR

A

Classless Internet-Domain Routing(CIDR): Allows for borrowing some of the host bits and reassigning them to the network portion.

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29
Q

The Two Types of IPv4 Addresses

A

Public(Routable), Private(Non-Routable)

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30
Q

Public IPv4 addresses

A

Public(Routable) IPv4: Can be accessed over the internet and is assigned to the network by an internet service provider.

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31
Q

Private IPv4 addresses

A

Private(Non-Routable) IPv4: Can be used by anyone any time, but only within their own local area network. Start with 10, 172(172.16 - 172.31), 192

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32
Q

NAT

A

Network Addresssing Translation(NAT): Allows for routing of private IPs through a public IP.

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33
Q

Loopback IPS

A

Loopback: A specialized IP that creates a loopback to the host and is often used in troublshooting and testing network protocols on a system.

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34
Q

APIPA

A

Automatic Private IP Address(APIPA): Used when a device does not have a static IP address or cannot reach a DHCP server. Always starts with 169.254, range 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255

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35
Q

Static Assignment of IPv4

A

Static Assignment: Manually type the IP address for the host, its subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server. Is impratical to use on a large corporate/enterprise network.

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36
Q

Dynamic Assignment of IPv4

A

Dynamic Assignment: Dynamic allocation of IP addresses

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37
Q

Components of IPv4 assignment

A

IP address, subnet mask, default gateway(router), server address

38
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System: Converts the domain names used by websites to the IP address of its server. The internets verison of a phone book.

39
Q

WINS

A

Windows Internet Name Service(WINS): Identifies NetBIOS systems on a TCP/IP network and converts those NetBIOS names to IP addresses.

40
Q

The four methods of dynamic assignment

A

APIPA, BOOTP, DHCP, ZeroConf

41
Q

BOOTP

A

Bootstrap Protocol(BOOTP): A type of dynamic IP assignment that dynamically assigns IP addresses and allows a workstation to load a copy of boot image to the network. Made in 1985

42
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP): Assigns an IP based on an assignable scope of addresses and provides the ability to configure other options. Most common, modern verison of BOOTP. Addresses are given out and returned

43
Q

APIPA

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing(APIPA): Used when a device does not have a static IP address or cannot reach a DHCP server.

44
Q

ZeroConf

A

New technology that provides the same features as APIPA.

45
Q

DHCP Scope

A

List of valid IP addresses available for assignment or lease to a client computer or endpoint device on a given subnet.

46
Q

DHCP Reservation

A

Excludes some IP addresses from being handed to devices unless they meet a certain condition.

47
Q

Four Steps of DHCP

A

D.O.R.A- Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge

48
Q

What is FQDN

A

Fully-Qualifed Domain Name(FQDN): Domain name under a top-level provider.

49
Q

DNS Hierarchy

A

Root, Top-level Domain, Second-level Domain, Subdomain, Host

50
Q

What is URL

A

Uniform Resource Locater(URL): Contains the FQDN with the method of accessing information.

51
Q

Types of TXT DNS records

A

Sender Policy Framework(SPF). DomainKeys Identified Mail(DKIM), Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance(DMARC)

52
Q

Sender Policy Framework(SPF)

A

Sendering Policy Framework(SPF): DNS records that identifies the host authorized to send mail for the domain.

53
Q

DomainKeys Identified Mail(DKIM)

A

DominKeys Identified Mail(DKIM): Provides the cryptographic authentication mechanism for mail using a public key published as a DNS record.

54
Q

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance(DMARC)

A

Domain-based Message Authentcation, Reporting & Conformance(DMARC): Framework that is used for proper application of SPF and DKIM, utilizing a policy that’s published as a DNS record.

55
Q

Internal DNS

A

Allows cloud instances on the same network to access each other using internal DNS names.

56
Q

External DNS

A

Records created around the domain names from a central authority and used on the public internet.

57
Q

Time to Live(TTL) for DNS

A

Time to Live(TTL): Tells the DNS resolver how long to cache a query before requesting a new one.

58
Q

DNS Resolver/DNS Cache

A

Makes a local copy of every DNS entry it resolves when connecting to websites

59
Q

Recursive Lookup DNS

A

DNS server communicates with serveral other DNS servers to hunt down the IP address and return to the client.

60
Q

Iterative Lookup for DNS

A

Each DNS Server responds directly to the client with an address for another DNS server that may have the correct IP address.

61
Q

VLAN

A

Virtual Local Area Network(VLAN): Allows different logical networks to share the same physical hardware and provides added security and efficiency.

62
Q

The two 4-byte identifiers for VLAN

A

Tag Protocol Identifier(TPI), Tag Control Identifier(TCI)

63
Q

VPN

A

Virtual Private Network(VPN): Extends a private network across a public network and enables sending and receiving data across shared or public networks

64
Q

VPN Configurations

A

Site to Site, Client to Site, Clientless

65
Q

Site to Site VPN configure

A

Site to site: Used to connected offices together

66
Q

Client to site VPN configure

A

Client to site: Used to connect remote users back to corportate network

67
Q

Clientless VPN configure is used for what?

A

Used for web browsing

68
Q

Full Tunnel VPN

A

Routes and encrypts all network requests through the VPN connection back to the headquarters. Less proformance, better security

69
Q

Split Tunnel VPN

A

Routes and encrypts only the traffic bound for the headquarters over the VPN, and sends the rest of the traffic to the regular Internet. Less secure, better proformance.

70
Q

Clientless VPN

A

Creates a secure remote-access VPN tunnel using a web browser without requiring a software or hardware client.

71
Q

SSL

A

Secure Socket Layer(SSL): Provides cryptography and reliability using the upper layers of the OSI model(layers 5, 6, and 7).

72
Q

TLS

A

Transport Layer Security(TLS): Provies secure web browsing over HTTPS.

73
Q

IPv6

A

Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6): The next step in IP addresssing that greatly increases the number of unqiue IP address. Made to replace/supersede IPv4. Uses hexadecimal digits and allows the use of shorthand notation, 340 undecillion addresses

74
Q

Benefits of IPv6

A

Larger address space, no broadcasts, more secure, no fragmentation, backwards compatible with IPv4, Simplified header

75
Q

Address Exhaustion

A

Running out of network addresses in IPv4.

76
Q

IPv5

A

Internet Protocol version 5(IPv5): Was experimental protocol but some of its concepts have been incorporated into IPv6. Never went into production.

77
Q

Dual Stack protocol for IPv4, and 6

A

Simultaneously runs both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols on the same network devices.

78
Q

Tunneling

A

Allows an existing IPv4 router to carry IPv6 traffic. Where IPv6 is going to be tunneled over an IPv4 device.

79
Q

The Three types of IPv6

A

Unicast, Multicast, Anycast

80
Q

Multicast IPv6

A

Used to identify a set of interfaces and begins with FF.

81
Q

Anycast

A

Used to identify a set of interfaces so that packet can be sent to any member of a set.

82
Q

Unicast IPv6

A

Used to identify a single interface, two types Globally-routed, and Link-local.

83
Q

Globally-routed IPv6

A

Type of unicast IPv6 addressing, similar to IPv4’s unicast class A, B, and C, addresses and begins with 2000-3999

84
Q

Link-local IPv6

A

Used like a private IP in IPv4 that can only be used on the local area network and begins with FE80. That uses SLAAC.

85
Q

SLAAC

A

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration(SLAAC): Eliminats the need to obtain addresses or other configuration information from a central server. That uses EUI-64

86
Q

EUI-64

A

Extended Unique identifier(EUI): Allows a host to assign itself a unique 64-bit IPv6 interface identifier called EUI-64.

87
Q

DHCPv6 Protocol

A

Allows DHCP to automatically assign addresses from a DHCPv6 server. Not commonly used/seen.

88
Q

Neighbor Discovery Protocol(NDP):

A

Used to determine the layer 2 addresses that are on a given network.

89
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol(TCP): Connection-oriented protocol, which means it’s a reliable way to transport segments across the network.

90
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol(UDP): Unreliable and it transmit segments called datagrams. Better used for audio and streaming. Connectionlesss

91
Q

TCP protocol types(connection-oriented)

A

SSH, HTTP, HTTPS

92
Q

UDP protocol types(connection-less)

A

Audio/Video streaming, DHCP, TFTP

Comptia A+ Core 1 (12 decks)

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