3.1.6 ATP 3.1.7 Water

Question 1

What are the uses of ATP?

Answer 1

• Activates molecules - lowers activation energy by providing a Pi that phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive
• Muscle contraction
• Building macromolecules (polysaccharides, polypeptides, nucleic acids)
• Secretion (eg formation of lysosomes)

Question 2

What is the name of the phosphate removed in hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 2

Terminal phosphate

Question 3

What enzymes are involved in the hydrolysis/ condensation reactions between ATP and ADP?

Answer 3

ATP hydrolase breaks the terminal phosphate bond.
ATP synthase makes the bond

Question 4

What are 3 ways ATP is made?

Answer 4

• Photophosphorylation (photosynthesis - plants only)
• Oxidative phosphorylation (respiration)
• Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 5

ATP is a n______ d_____

Answer 5

Nucleotide derivative

Question 6

Why do we need to synthesis large amounts of ATP?

Answer 6

Unstable
Can’t be stored
Only releases small amount of energy at a time
Used for named process

Question 7

What do ATP and ADP stand for?

Answer 7

Adenosine TriPhosphate
Adenosine DiPhosphate

Question 8

Reations between ATP and ADP

Answer 8

ATP and water can by hydrolysed to make ADP and a Pi
ADP and Pi can undergo condensation reaction to make ATP and water

Question 9

Why is ATP better than glucose?

Answer 9

• Energy released in small, manageable quantities
• small so little energy lost as heat - so cells don’t overheat
• Immediate energy source, single step reaction (energy rapidly available)

Question 10

List 6 properties of water

Answer 10

• Polar NOT ENOUGH
• Solvent
• High specific heat capacity
• High latent heat of vaporisation
• Cohesive
• Reactive metabolite

Question 11

What is the importance of water being cohesive?

Answer 11

(Because of hydrogen bonding):
- Supports continuous columns of water in xylem
- Provides surface tension, supporting small organisms

Question 12

What is the importance of water having a high specific heat capacity?

Answer 12

Buffers change in temperature- provides stable environment

Question 13

What is the importance of water having a high/large latent heat of vaporisation?

Answer 13

Provides a cooling effect with little loss of water through evaporation (sweat)

Question 14

What is the importance of water being polar?

Answer 14

It is a solvent

Question 15

What is the importance of water being a reactive metabolite?

Answer 15

Used in hydrolysis and produced in condensation reactions

Question 16

What is the importance of water being a solvent?

Answer 16

Metabolic reactions occur faster/allows transport of substances