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AS Chemistry > 3.1.3.5 Shapes of simple molecules and ions > Flashcards

3.1.3.5 Shapes of simple molecules and ions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an electron pair?

A

The pairs of electrons around the central atom (includes bonding pairs and lone pairs)

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2
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

Linear
180 degrees
2 bonding pairs of electrons repel equally to be as far apart as possible

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3
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

Trigonal planar
120 degrees

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4
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

Tetrahedral
109.5 degrees

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5
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

Trigonal bipyramidal
90 (between perpendicular) and 120 degrees (between planar)

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6
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 6 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

Octahedral
90 degrees

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7
Q

What are predictions of molecular shape based on?

A

VSPER (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory.

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8
Q

Describe the VSPER theory

A

Each electron pair repels the others so they arrange themselves as far apart as possible

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9
Q

What if there are lone pairs around the central atom?

A

Lone pair/ bonding pair repulsion is greater than bonding pair/bonding pair repulsion, so smaller angle between bonding pairs and larger angle between bonding pair and lone pair.
Lone pairs repel more than bonding pairs so reduce bond angle by about 2.5 degrees per lone pair

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10
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

Bent
117.5 degrees

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11
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

Trigonal pyramidal
107 degrees

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12
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

A

Bent
104.5 degrees

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13
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

Seesaw
118 (between planar) and 89 degrees (between perpendicular)

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14
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

A

T-shape
87.5 degrees

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15
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

Square pyramid
90 degrees

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16
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

A

Square planar
90 degrees

17
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs?

A

Linear
180 degrees

AS Chemistry (47 decks)

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