3.1.1.2 Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

earthquake definition

Answer 1

sudden and short period of intense ground shaking

Question 2

distribution definition

Answer 2

the way something is spread over an area

Question 3

how to describe the distribution of earthquakes

Answer 3

clustered/linear/scattered, compass references relating to countries and oceans. Do this twice

Question 4

plate tectonics theory

Answer 4

that the earth’s crust is divided into segments called tectonic plates

Question 5

features of oceanic crust

Answer 5

denser, newer, can be renewed and destroyed

Question 6

features of continental crust

Answer 6

older, thinner, can’t be renewed and destroyed

Question 7

what are convection currents

Answer 7

created by heat from the core, hot magma rises then cools and sinks and drags the plates; separating them

Question 8

what causes the plates to move

Answer 8

convection currents in the mantle

Question 9

what occurs at a constructive plate boundary

Answer 9

two oceanic
moving apart
due to convection currents in the mantle
this will leave a gap where magma will rise which will cool and solidify
creates shield volcanoes
North American and Eurasian plates

Question 10

what occurs at a destructive plate boundary

Answer 10

one oceanic, one continental
moving towards
due to convection currents in the mantle
oceanic gets subducted which melts and becomes new molten rock which is less dense causing it to rise and push through the crust above
creates earthquakes, composite volcanoes and tsunamis
Nazca and South American

Question 11

what occurs at a conservative plate boundary

Answer 11

any crust 
slide past
convection currents in the mantle 
friction occurs and the plates stick then jolt after pressure has been built up 
causes earthquakes 
Pacific and North American

Question 12

monitoring

Answer 12

using scientific equipment to detect warning signs

Question 13

prediction

Answer 13

using historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about when and where a tectonic may happen

Question 14

protection

Answer 14

designing buildings that can withstand the effects of a tectonic

Question 15

planning

Answer 15

identifying and avoiding places most at risk

Question 16

monitoring volcanoes

Answer 16

remote sensing- satellites that detect changes in shape
seismicity-records earthquakes
gas- instruments detect gases released
verdict: many ways they can be detected meaning people can evacuate

Question 17

monitoring earthquakes

Answer 17

generally occur without a warning
some changes in water pressure and minor tremors
verdict: scientists haven’t discovered a reliable way to monitor an earthquake so people won’t know when they will occur

Question 18

prediction volcanoes

Answer 18

historical evidence
monitoring is used to detect changes
verdict: wouldn’t be able to successfully predict without monitoring

Question 19

prediction earthquakes

Answer 19

lack of warning signs
historical records at plate margins identify places at risk
verdict: impossible to predict so it is harder to evacuate

Question 20

protection volcanoes

Answer 20

earth embankment could be used to form a barrier
explosives divert lava away from properties
verdict:only work with thin runny lava where eruptions aren’t severe, can be dangerous and not fully effective

Question 21

protection earthquakes

Answer 21

construct buildings to resist ground shaking
reinforced with steel and concrete to stop shaking
earthquake drills can help people prepare
verdict: earthquakes don’t kill, buildings do therefore it is good to reinforce them

Question 22

planning volcanoes

Answer 22

hazard maps
certain areas could be avoided building on
verdict: nobody in the area means it isn’t a hazard but people won’t benefit from the volcano

Question 23

planning earthquakes

Answer 23

maps produced
high value land can be protected
verdict: earthquakes can occur at different locations so hard to plan