Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1- A&P > 3.1. Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

3.1. Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘Cell Cycle’

A

Series of growth and development steps a cell undergoes between its formation and duplication/division.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define ‘Interphase’

A

Phase where cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define ‘Mitosis’

A

Phase where cell separates its DNA into 2 sets and divides, forming 2 new cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(MITOSIS)

What happens in… EARLY PROPHASE

A
  • Chromosomes condense
  • Mitotic spindle begins to form
  • Nucleolus disappears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(MITOSIS)

What happens in… LATE PROPHASE/ PRO-METAPHASE

A
  • Chromosomes become even more condensed, so they are very compact
  • Nuclear envelope breaks down, releasing chromosomes
  • Mitotic spindle grows more and some microtubules start to capture chromosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(MITOSIS)

What happens in… METAPHASE

A
  • Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate under tension from the mitotic spindle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(MITOSIS)

What happens in… ANAPHASE

A
  • Sister chromatids separate
  • The chromosomes of each pair are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell
  • Microtubules not attached to chromosomes elongate and push apart, separating the poles and making the cell longer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(MITOSIS)

What happens in… TELOPHASE

A
  • Mitotic spindle is broken down into its building blocks
  • 2 new nuclei form, one for each set of chromosomes
  • Nuclear membranes and nucleoli reappear
  • The chromosomes begin to decondense and return to their ‘stringy’ form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(MITOSIS)

What happens in… CYTOKINESIS

A
  • The division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes identical to those of the mother cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis?

A

To produce gametes (sex cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a GAMETE?

A

Spermatozoon, oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is MEIOSIS?

A

A 2 step process of cell division that is used to make gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is CROSSING OVER?

A

Process in which homologous chromosomes trade parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

A

Set of chromosomes (one from each parent) that are very similar to one another and have the same size/shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many gametes will a single parent cell produce?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in… PROPHASE I?

A
  • Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange fragments (crossing over)
  • The starting cell is DIPLOID
17
Q

What are CHIASMATA?

A

The points at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over occurs.

18
Q

What happens in… METAPHASE I?

A

Homologue pairs line up at the metaphase plate for separation

19
Q

What happens in… ANAPHASE I?

A
  • Homologues pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
  • Sister chromatids of each chromosome remain attached to one another and don’t come apart
20
Q

What happens in… TELOPHASE I?

A
  • The chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the cell

- Cytokinesis usually occurs at the same time as telophase I, forming 2 haploid daughter cells

21
Q

The second round of cell division is meiosis II, what is the goal of this?

A

To separate sister chromatids

22
Q

What happens in… PROPHASE II?

A
  • Starting cells are the haploid cells made in meiosis I
  • Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down, if needed
  • The centrosomes move apart, the spindle forms between them, and the spindle microtubules begin to capture chromosomes
23
Q

What happens in… METAPHASE II?

A

Chromosomes line up individually along the metaphase plate

24
Q

What happens in… ANAPHASE II?

A

Sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell

25
Q

What happens in… TELOPHASE II?

A
  • Newly forming gametes are haploid
  • Nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes decondense
  • Cytokinesis splits the chromosome sets into new cells forming 4 haploid cells

Year 1- A&P (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions