Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1- A&P > 2.7. Endocrine System > Flashcards

2.7. Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

A
  • COORDINATES… the homeostatic balance
  • REGULATES… physiological systems such as digestive and reproductive
  • FACILITATES… differentiation of the sexes in the embryonic stage and the manifestation of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
  • MODIFIES AND INDUCES… behavioural changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the 10 endocrine glands:

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Pineal body
  • Parathyroids
  • Thyroid
  • Thymus
  • Adrenals
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical substances secreted by cells into extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 groups can hormones be classified into?

A
  1. Amino acid-based molecules

2. Steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is positive feedback? Give an example

A

A cycle of positive effects, greatly amplifying the original signal, involving one or more hormones.

eg. an infant suckling stimulates prolactin secretion which maintains lactation. If suckling decreases, the amount of prolactin released is decreased.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is negative feedback? Give an example

A

A cycle of negative influence involving one or more hormones.

eg. The anterior lobe of pituitary gland produces TSH, which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone. TSH production is inhibited by the presence of thyroid hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of Hypothalamus

A
  • Regulates homeostasis
  • Controls pituitary function
  • Integrates nervous and endocrine systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of Pituitary

A
  • ‘Master’ gland- stimulates other endocrine glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of Pineal body

A
  • Produces melanonin during nocturnal period

- Involved in biological rhythms and body clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of Thyroid

A

Affects metabolism and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of Parathyroid glands

A

Maintenance of calcium homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of Thymus

A

Development of immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of Adrenal glands

A

Medulla: Secretion of catecholamines (adrenaline/noradrenaline)
Cortex: secretion of corticosteroids
Sex steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functions of Pancreas

A
  • Insulin and glucagon control cellular uptake of glucose and regulate cellular metabolism affecting blood glucose
  • Somatostatin- growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of Gonads (ovaries/testes)

A
  • Produce sex steroids that affect reproductive cycles and gamete formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of Kidney

A

Erythrocyte production stimulated by erythropoietin

17
Q

Functions of Heart

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide lowers blood pressure

18
Q

Functions of Adipose tissue

A
  • Appetite suppressed by leptin

- Affects steroid hormone metabolism

19
Q

What 2 hormones does the POSTERIOR pituitary gland produce?

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone

2. Oxytocin

20
Q

What 6 hormones does the ANTERIOR pituitary gland produce?

A
  1. Prolactin
  2. Growth hormone
  3. Thyroid stimulating hormone
  4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  5. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
  6. FSH/LH
21
Q

Where are the adrenal glands situated?

A

On top of the kidneys

22
Q

What 3 things does the adrenal cortex produce?

A
  1. Mineralocorticoids- eg. aldosterone (regulate amount of electrolytes and water in extracellular fluid)
  2. Glucocorticoids- eg. cortisol (effect on the metabolism of most body cells)
  3. Gonadocorticoids- eg. androgens, estrogens, progestogens (sex steroids)
23
Q

What does the medulla produce?

A

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline (catecholamines) which produce short term responses

24
Q

Where are insulin and glucagon released from?

A

Islets of Langerhans in pancreas

25
Q

Describe the hormonal regulation of blood sugar levels in the body

A
  • When blood sugar levels are HIGH, pancreas releases INSULIN. Insulin stimulates sugar uptake by the cells and glucagon formation in the liver, which lowers blood sugar levels; insulin exerts hypoglycaemic effects.
  • When blood sugar levels are LOW, GLUCAGON is released. Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown and thereby raises blood sugar. It is a hyperglycemic hormone.
26
Q

Define gestational diabetes

A

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy which occurs because the body can’t produce enough insulin to meet the extra needs during pregnancy.

Year 1- A&P (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions