3.1 Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
Alkanes
Each carbon has four single bonds
Alkenes
Carbon has single bonds and one double bond
Alkynes
Carbon has single bonds and one triple bond
Empirical formula
Simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Molecular formula
Total number of atoms of each element in a compound
Alkane general formula
CnH2n+2
Alkene general formula
CnH2n
Cycloalkane
CnH2n
1 carbon atom
Meth
2 carbon atoms
Ethanol
3 carbon atoms
Prop
4 carbon atoms
But
5 carbon atoms
Pent
6 carbon atoms
Hex
7 carbon atoms
Heat
8 carbon atoms
Oct
9 carbon atoms
Non
10 carbon atoms
Dec
Alkane
C-C
Alkene
C=C
Alcohol
OH
2 side chains
di
3 side chains
tri
4 side chains
tetra
5 side chains
penta
6 side chains
hexa
7 side chains
heat
8 side chains
octa
Homologous series
Same functional group
Similar properties
General trend in boiling points
Differ by number of CH2 units
Structural isomerism
Same molecular formula but different structural formula
Types of structural isomers
Chain isomerism
Positional isomerism
Functional group isomerism
Types of stereoisomerism
Geometric isomerism (E/Z)
Optical isomerism
Chain
Length of C chain
Position
Position of functional group
Functional group
Type of functional group
Stereoisomerism
Same structural and molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
E/Z isomerism
Both carbons have to have a different functional group
How does steriosomerism arise?
Each C in the C=C bond has to be bonded to 2 different functional groups
Restricted rotation around the C=C bond
