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Microbiology Test 2 > 31: Fungal infections of the respiratory tract > Flashcards

31: Fungal infections of the respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

organisms and disease in sinuses

A

zygomycetes cause mucormycosis

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2
Q

organism and disease in oral cavity

A

candida causes thrush and eposhpagitis

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3
Q

histoplasma cuases

A

histoplasmosis

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4
Q

blastomyces cause

A

blastomycosis

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5
Q

paracoccidiodies cause

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

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6
Q

coccidiodies cause

A

coccididioidomycosis

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7
Q

cryptococcus causes

A

cryptococcosis

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8
Q

pneumoctstis causes

A

PCP

-in immunosuppressed

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9
Q

aspergilus causes

A

aspergillosis

- in immunosuppressed

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10
Q

what are the three zygomycetes

A

rhizopus
absidia
mucor

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11
Q

describe the zygomycetes group

A

non-septate hyphae

sporangia bearing sporangiospores

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12
Q

rhinocerebral zygomycosis

A
  • most common form of zygomycosis
  • primarily in diabetic patients
  • starts in sinuses and moves
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13
Q

nasal congestion, blood tinged rhinorrhea, tender sinuses, headache and fever
-edema and visual disturbance

A

rhinocerebral zygomycosis

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14
Q

zygomatic infection of the skin

A

traumatic inoculation

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15
Q

zygomatic infection of the GI

A

neonates and premature infants

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16
Q

broad aseptate hyphae observed in blood vessels branching at right angles

A

zygomycoses (mucormycosis)

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17
Q

treatment for mucormycosis caused by zygomycoses

A

amphotericin B

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18
Q

candida form as normal flora

A

yeast

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19
Q

candida form within tissues

A

hyphal form

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20
Q
  • diffuse erythema and white patches on the surface of the buccal mucosa, throat, tongue and gums
  • plaques scraped away revealing raw lesion
A

oral cadidiasis (thrush)

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21
Q

what are some cuases of oral candidiasis in adults

A

steroids
antineoplastic drugs
antibiotics

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22
Q

what are the white lesions of thrush composed of?

A

yeast and pseudohyphal forms of c. albicans

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23
Q

treatment for thrush

A

mouth washes or lozenges of nystatin and azole compounds

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24
Q

4 dimorphic systemic mycoses

A
  • histoplasma capsulatum
  • blastomyces dermatitidis
  • paracoccidioides brasiliensis
  • coccidioides immitis
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25
Q

dimorphic fungi

A

molds in environment, yeast in tissues during infection

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26
Q

non-dimorphic systemic mycoses

A

cryptoccus neoformans

- encapsulated yeast in environment and man

27
Q

where is histoplasmosis most prevalent

A

missippi and ohio river valleys

28
Q

darling’s disease, cave dwellers disease or spelunkers disease

A

hisoplasmosis

29
Q

histoplasmosis is cuased by

A

histoplasma capsulatum

30
Q

clinical syndrome of histoplasmosis

A

inhaled spores are phagocytosed by pulmonary macrophages and converted to yeast form, replicate and spread

31
Q
  • mild flu like illness with dry cough, fever and fatigue

- calcification of pulmonary lesions

A

pulmonary histoplasmosis

32
Q
  • fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue in addition to repiratory sympotoms
  • hepato and splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
A

chronic pulmonary and disseminated histoplasmosis

33
Q

histoplasmosis treatment

A

amphotericin B

  • AIDS and immunosuppressed require lifelong suppressive therapy with azoles
34
Q

endemic in ohio and missippi river valley and missouri and arkansas river basins

A

blastomycosis

35
Q

gilchrist’s disease, chicago’s disease

A

blastomycosis

36
Q

causative agent of blastomycosis

A

blastomyces dermatitidis

37
Q

how do you distinuish the yeast of b. dermatidis from the yeast of h. capulatum

A

dermatidis: larger size and very thick cell walls

38
Q

disseminated blatomycosis

A

skin lesion and bone necrosis, prostate infections

39
Q

treatment for blastomycosis

A

amphotericin B

-azole for umcomplicated pulmonary disease

40
Q

limited to tropical regions of south and central america

A

paracoccidiomycosis

41
Q

90% of clinical disease occurs in men

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

42
Q

causative agent of pparacoccidioidomycosis

A

paracoccidioides brasiliensis

43
Q

“ships wheel”

“mickey mouse ears”

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

44
Q

san joaquin valley of cali and in southern arizon

A

coccidioidomycosis

45
Q

following inhalation the fungus converts into a spherule

A

coccidiodidomycosis

- multinucleated structure produces hundreds of spores

46
Q

“desert rheumatism”

- fever, nodules, arthralgia

A

disseminated disease of coccidioidomycosis

47
Q

develops slowly with increasing headache, fever, stiff neck, and other neurological signs
-fatal if untreated

A

coccidial or cryptococcosis meningitis

48
Q

coccidiodiomycosis treatment

A

azole and amphotericin B for meningitis and disseminated disease

49
Q

leading form of fungal meningitis

A

cryptococcal meningitis

50
Q

commonly found in soil with bird droppings

A
  • cryptococus neoformas

- histoplasma capsulatum

51
Q

cryptococcosis diagnosis

A

india ink stain!

52
Q

treatment of cryptococosis meningitis

A

6-10 wks amphotericin b and 5-fluorcytosine or fluconazole

53
Q

pneumocystis jiroveci carinii pneumonia PCP

A

highly lethal form of pneumoia occuring primarily in the immuno-compromised

54
Q

etiology of PCP

A

pneumocystis carinii/jiroveci

55
Q

describe pneumocystis carinii/jiroveci

A
  • single celled eukaryotic organism similar to fungi
56
Q

dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and fever

  • interstitial pneumoonitis with cellular infiltrate
  • weakness, tachypnea and cyanosis
57
Q

PCP organisms

A

trophozoite
sporozoites
cysts

58
Q

PCP treatment

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

interferes with folate synthesis pathway of organism

59
Q

most common types of aspergillosis associated with disease

A

a. fumigatus and a. flavus

mold in both environment and man

60
Q

“fungus balls”

A

colonization of pre-exiting lung lesions by aspergillomas

-typically unilateral

61
Q

space occupying lesions that move as the patient changes position, hemoptysis

A

aspergillomnas

62
Q

septate hyphae with v-shaped branches at a 45 degree angle

A

aspergillosis

63
Q

aspergillosis treatment

A
  • azole
  • echinocandin
  • amphotericin B
  • surgical removal of aspergillomas

Microbiology Test 2 (12 decks)

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