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Microbiology Test 2 > 28 Bacterial Infections of LRT 1 > Flashcards

28 Bacterial Infections of LRT 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

LRT v. URT

  • more common?
  • more severe?
A 
common= URT
severe= LRT
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2
Q

define pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lung as a result of infection

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3
Q

fever, malaise, cough, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea and potential sputum production. Crackles/rales/crepitations upon auscultation.

A

bacterial pneumonia

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4
Q

bacteria associated with typical/lobar pneumonia

A

strep. pneumoniae
staph. aureus
haemophilus flu.
most gram neg bacteria

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5
Q

bacteria associtaed with atypical/patchy pneumonia

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae
chlamydophila pneumoniae
legionella pneumophila

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6
Q

sudden onset

A

typical pneumonia

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7
Q

toxic facies/ “looks sick”

A

typical pneumonia

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8
Q

nonproductive cough

A

atypical pneumonia

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9
Q

bloody/purulent sputum

A

typical pneumonia

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10
Q

scant/watery sputum

A

atypical pneumonia

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11
Q

higher fever

A

typical pneumonia

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12
Q

pleurisy and consolidation frequently

A

typical pneumonia

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13
Q

rare pleurisy or consildation

A

atypical pneumonia

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14
Q

WBC elevated with a left shift (primarily neutrophils)

A

typical pneumonia

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15
Q

most common cause typical pneumonia

A

strep. pneumonia

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16
Q

most common cause atypical pneumonia

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

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17
Q

sterile effusion into pleural space

A

pleural effusion (complication of pneumonia)

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18
Q

hematologic complications of pneumonia

A
  • anemia with chronic pneumonia
  • disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • thrombocytopenia
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19
Q

chronic complications of pneumonia

A
  • decrease in arterial O2
  • weight loss and muscular atrophy
  • bronchiectasis (localized irreversible dilation of bronchi)
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20
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

introduction of foreign material into bronchial tree that carries bacteria in with it

  • secondary bacterial pneumonia associated with alcoholics, coma patients and stroke patients
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21
Q

define nosocomial

A

aquired in a healthcare setting

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22
Q

gram neg bacteria that commonly cause HAP

A 
pseudomonas qeruinosa
e. coli
klebsiella pneumoniae
acinetobacter spp.
haemophilus flu.
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23
Q

gram positive bac that commonly cause HAP

A

staph. aureus

strep. pneumonia

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24
Q

sputum analysis >25 PMNs and <10 epithelial cells per 100X field

A

indicates pneumonia

25
Q

associated with pneumococcal pneumonia

A

strep. pneumoniae

26
Q

alpha hemolytic strep

A

strep. pneumoniae

27
Q

IgA protease

A
  • pneumococcal virulence factor

- cleaves igA, prevents clearance

28
Q

pneumolysin

A
  • pneumococcal virulence factor

- pore forming toxin, colonization, invsion, inflammation, complement activation

29
Q

teichoic acid and peptidoglycan

A
  • pneumococcal virulence factors

- cause inflammation

30
Q

thick peptidoglycan capsule

A
  • pneumococcal virulence factor

- antiphagocytic

31
Q

cough, fever, dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, rust colored sputum

  • preceeded several days by rhinorrhea
  • abrupt spiking fever with chills
A

pneumococcal pneumonia

32
Q

bile solubility positive test results

A

strep. pneumonia

33
Q

what differentiates strep. pneumonia from s. mutans?

A

strep. pneumonia is optochin sensitive

34
Q

standard treatment for pneumococcal pneumonia

A

penicillin or macrolide (azithromycin)

35
Q

treatment for serious cases of pneumococcal pneumonia

A

azithromycin or cephalosporin

36
Q

prevention to pneumococcal pneumonia

A

vaccine conjugated to diptheria toxin or polysaccharide

37
Q

burden of pneumococcal pneumonia in children

A

otitis media
bacteremia
meningitis
death

38
Q

what differentiates staph aureus from other staph?

A

staph aureus is coagulase positive

39
Q

PVL panton-valentine-leukocidin

A

virulence factor of staph aureus

severe necrotizing pneumonia, bc pore foring cytotoxin

40
Q

antigenic mimicry in staph aureus

A

protein a binds Fc portion of antibody

41
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin resistant staph. aureus = resistant to ALL beta lactams (including cephalosporins)

42
Q

treatment of pneumonia due to staph aureus

A

penicllins/cephalosporins

43
Q

treatment of pneumonia due to MRSA

A

linezolid or vancomycin

44
Q

more likely to be HAP

A

pneumonia cuased by gram negative bac

45
Q

top gram negative faculative anaerobe that cuases pneumonia

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

46
Q

top gram negative aerobe that causes pneumonia

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

47
Q

foul smelling sputum

A

anaerobic bacterial etiology (kelbsiella?)

48
Q

gram negative bacteria pneumonia treatment

A

aminoglycoside and beta lactam

gentamycin/cephalexin, tobramycin/ampicillin

49
Q

treatment that targets pseudomonas specifically

A

ticarcillin or piperacillin and amikacin

50
Q

gram neg. rod
mucoid colonies (capsule)
oxidase negative

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

51
Q

“currant jelly sputum”

- bloody sputum from necrosis and abscess

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

52
Q

klebsiella pneumoniae virulence factors

A

LPS

capsule

53
Q
  • gram negative
  • obligate aerobe
  • oxidase positive
  • blue/yellow-green pigment
A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

54
Q

culture smells of grapes

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

55
Q

treatment for psuedomonas aeruginosa

A

ticarcillin or piperacilin

AND

aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin)

56
Q

pyocyanin

A

pseudomonas virulence factor

blue compound toxic to host cells

57
Q

pyoverdin

A

pseudomonoas virulence factor

fluorescent green iron uptake prtn

58
Q

most frequent cause of death in CF population

A

pseudomonas respiratory disease

Microbiology Test 2 (12 decks)

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