3.1 Development Flashcards
indicators of human development
Birth Rate: number of births in a year per 1000 of total population
Death Rate: number of deaths in a year per 1000 of total population
Gross National Product (GNP): total value of goods and services produced annually
GNP per Capita: wealth of a country averaged per person
Infant Mortality: average number of deaths of infants under 1, per 1000 live births per year
Life expectancy: the average age people live to
Human Development Index (HDI): measures and compares international development
Adult literacy rate: the percentage of adults that can read and write
Employment structure - the percentage of working population, can be compared to other countries
primary sector
extraction of raw materials
fishing farming mining
secondary sector
manufacturing goods using raw materials
shoe maker carpenter food production
tertiary sector
provides a service
teacher, lawyers hairdresser
Quaternary sector
High tech and research based jobs
medical researchers, scientists, computer design
HDI
HDI combines three important
development indicators – an economic indicator (GDP per capital), a social
indicator (adult literacy rate) and a demographic indicator (life expectancy).
why is HDI a good indicator for human development
it takes into account a variety of factors
life expectancy/education (numbers of years in school) are used to give a better index of development than income alone
uses a broad range of information and is not tied up with only one measure.
This is a much more accurate measure of both the standard of living AND quality of life in a country.
easy to carry out statistical comparisons between countries
inequalities between/within countries (why are they different levels of development)
Between
length of time in which development has been occurring
presence/absence of raw material/resources
development of a specific economic activity such as tourism
levels of education
Within
- climate variation
- some places may have better natural resources (coal/oil)
- better natural terrain (may be near a river)
- conflict
- soil fertility some places have bettter soil
TNC
Companies that operate in more than 1 country
TNC advantages
Create job opportunities
Improved education and skills
Increased economy
Profits going overseas
Invest in infrastructures, healthcare or education
,
TNC disadvantages
Working conditions may be harsh
damage to environment - factories create air pollution
Natural resources being over exploited
Higher position jobs awarded to foreigners instead of locals
What does the sectors tell you about a countries development
Primary sector is smaller as a country becomes more developed;
Secondary sector grows as country becomes developed;
Secondary sector decreases as it becomes even more developed;
Tertiary sector grows as a country becomes more developed;
Quaternary sector grows when countries have very high GNP etc.
How changes in technology have enabled globalisation to occur.
Improvements in/faster transport;
Quicker/cheaper air travel;
Development of communications systems/networks; Rise of Internet/e-commerce;
Instant/electronic movement of money
