2.2 River Flashcards
Discharge
Area x velocity
Factors affecting discharge
Erosion
Transport
Deposition
Types Erosions
Attrition
Abrasion
Hydraulic action
solution
Attrition
The flowing water causes to hit each other, this makes them smaller and more rounded as the sharp edge es are knocked off
Abrasion
The rocks hitting the side of the river this changes the shape of the river
Hydraulic action
The impact of the water hitting the side of the banks causing the rocks and soil to crack and split
Solution (corrosion)
The water dissolves the material
Types of water
Salt,freshwater, ice
Drainage basin
An area of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a river, lake, wetland or ocean.
Vertical erosion
The river flows down a steep gradient and eroded the bed of the river
This can create V valleys
Interlocking spurs
The river flows around the hard rock
Lateral erosion
The river swings across the valley to create meanders, the flow of water on the outside of the bend is faster than the inside the workers material and creates a river cliff
What is a river
A strip of fresh water that flow to the ocean in one direction from a high to a low place because of gravity usually to the ocean
Types of transportation
Solution
Corrosive
Abrasion
Hydraulic action
Solution
minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution.
Suspension
fine light material is carried along in the water.
Saltation
small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed.
Traction
large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed.
Deposition
When a river loses energy, it will drop or deposit some of the material it is carrying.
Water cycle
Transpiration
Evaporation
Precipitation
Overland flow (flow) - flow of water on land
Interception (action) - when water is caught and held by vegetation
Surface storage (store)-> when the water is held in the surface of the earth
Infiltration (action) -
-> through flow - water flowing through the soil
Soil moisture (store) - when the water is held in unsaturated soil
Percolation (action) - water seep is deeper beneath the surface
Ground water store (store) - when the water is held in saturated ground
-> ground water flow (flow) -flows through the saturated ground
Explain how a waterfall is formed
Hard rock is on the soft rock
Soft rock is eroded faster than the hard rock
rocks falls making a plunge pool
Water splashed back eroding the soft rock even further creating an undercut
Hard rock falls due to gravity
Water fall is moved back
Meanders and levees
Water moves at different speeds
Outside of the bend has erosion (fast moving water)
Inside the bend has deposition (slow moving water)
Levees
Lower course moves super slow so sediment from erosion upstream is deposited on the sides of the river because the river loses energy
Sediment sits at the bottom
Managing river floods
River straightening - removing meanders to control erosion
River bank strengthening strengthening the river bank by adding concrete or a stone barrier
Dredging - removing dementia from the river bank to increase depth
Widening - removing materials from the bank to increase channel width
Embankment - artificial levee a raised barrier along the river bank
Advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering
Job opportunities
More effective
Looks unattractive
Explain how a delta is formed.
How to describe a river
How is the slope?, flat gentle
The changes in the characteristics of a river from its source to its mouth
