2.2 River

Question 1

Discharge

Answer 1

Area x velocity

Question 2

Factors affecting discharge

Answer 2

Erosion
Transport
Deposition

Question 3

Types Erosions

Answer 3

Attrition
Abrasion
Hydraulic action
solution

Question 4

Attrition

Answer 4

The flowing water causes to hit each other, this makes them smaller and more rounded as the sharp edge es are knocked off

Question 5

Abrasion

Answer 5

The rocks hitting the side of the river this changes the shape of the river

Question 6

Hydraulic action

Answer 6

The impact of the water hitting the side of the banks causing the rocks and soil to crack and split

Question 7

Solution (corrosion)

Answer 7

The water dissolves the material

Question 8

Types of water

Answer 8

Salt,freshwater, ice

Question 9

Drainage basin

Answer 9

An area of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a river, lake, wetland or ocean.

Question 10

Vertical erosion

Answer 10

The river flows down a steep gradient and eroded the bed of the river
This can create V valleys

Question 11

Interlocking spurs

Answer 11

The river flows around the hard rock

Question 12

Lateral erosion

Answer 12

The river swings across the valley to create meanders, the flow of water on the outside of the bend is faster than the inside the workers material and creates a river cliff

Question 13

What is a river

Answer 13

A strip of fresh water that flow to the ocean in one direction from a high to a low place because of gravity usually to the ocean

Question 14

Types of transportation

Answer 14

Solution
Corrosive
Abrasion
Hydraulic action

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution.

Question 16

Suspension

Answer 16

fine light material is carried along in the water.

Question 17

Saltation

Answer 17

small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed.

Question 18

Traction

Answer 18

large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed.

Question 19

Deposition

Answer 19

When a river loses energy, it will drop or deposit some of the material it is carrying.

Question 20

Water cycle

Answer 20

Transpiration
Evaporation
Precipitation

Overland flow (flow) - flow of water on land
Interception (action) - when water is caught and held by vegetation
Surface storage (store)-> when the water is held in the surface of the earth
Infiltration (action) -
-> through flow - water flowing through the soil
Soil moisture (store) - when the water is held in unsaturated soil
Percolation (action) - water seep is deeper beneath the surface
Ground water store (store) - when the water is held in saturated ground
-> ground water flow (flow) -flows through the saturated ground

Question 21

Explain how a waterfall is formed

Answer 21

Hard rock is on the soft rock
Soft rock is eroded faster than the hard rock
rocks falls making a plunge pool
Water splashed back eroding the soft rock even further creating an undercut
Hard rock falls due to gravity
Water fall is moved back

Question 22

Meanders and levees

Answer 22

Water moves at different speeds
Outside of the bend has erosion (fast moving water)
Inside the bend has deposition (slow moving water)

Levees
Lower course moves super slow so sediment from erosion upstream is deposited on the sides of the river because the river loses energy
Sediment sits at the bottom

Question 23

Managing river floods

Answer 23

River straightening - removing meanders to control erosion
River bank strengthening strengthening the river bank by adding concrete or a stone barrier
Dredging - removing dementia from the river bank to increase depth
Widening - removing materials from the bank to increase channel width
Embankment - artificial levee a raised barrier along the river bank

Question 24

Advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering

Answer 24

Job opportunities
More effective

Looks unattractive

Question 25

Explain how a delta is formed.

Question 26

How to describe a river

Answer 26

How is the slope?, flat gentle

Question 27

The changes in the characteristics of a river from its source to its mouth