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Paediatrics Y4 > 31. Congenital cardiac disease 1, 2, 3 > Flashcards

31. Congenital cardiac disease 1, 2, 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Acyanotic diseases:

A
  • ASD
  • VSD
  • PDA
  • Coarctation of aorta
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2
Q

Cyanotic:

A
  • Tetralogy of fallot

- Transposition of great vessels

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3
Q

Acyanotic and pulmonary blood flow conditions:

A
  • ASD
  • VSD
  • PDA
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4
Q

Acyanotic and obstruction to flow from ventricles condition:

A
  • Coarctation of aorta
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5
Q

Cyanotic and pulmonary blood flow condition:

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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6
Q

Cyanotic and mixed blood flow conditions:

A
  • Transposition of great arteries
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7
Q

Coarctation of aorta:

A
  • Acyanotic
  • Absent/weak femoral pulses
  • Systolic BP high in upper body
  • Harsh systolic murmur over back
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8
Q

Correction of coarctation of aorta:

A
  • Surgery to prevent left ventricular dysfunction, but hypertension can still be present
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9
Q

VDS, ASD, PDA:

A
  • Increased pulmonary blood flow
  • May develop pulmonary hypertension
  • Eventual reversal of shunt (Eisenmenger syndrome)
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10
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect:

A
  • Commonest lesion in childhood
  • Asymptomatic in small defect
  • Poor growth, respiratory infections, heart failure with large defect
  • Pansystolic, harsh murmur left sternum
  • Enlarged heart & over-circulated lung fields
  • Many will close spontaneously by age 7/8 year
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11
Q

Atrial Septal Defect:

A
  • Asymptomatic, Clubbing!!!
  • Possible dyspnoea on exertion
  • Palpate right ventricle as it ‘lifts’
  • Fixed split second heart sound
  • May develop arrhythmias
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12
Q

Treatment for atrial septal defect:

A
  • Closure via catheter or open surgery
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13
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus:

A
  • Normally closes within first week
  • Can persist in premature babies
  • Asymptomatic if small
  • Failure to thrive/heart failure if large
  • Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure
  • Continuous murmur, louder in systole
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14
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus treatment:

A

Open or catheter closure

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15
Q

X ray shoe shaped heart sign:

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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16
Q

4 features of tetralogy of Fallot:

A
  • Pulmonary Stenosis
  • Ventricular Septal Defect
  • Overriding aorta
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
17
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot:

A
  • Most common cyanotic cardiac lesion
  • Association with chromosome 22 deletions
  • Failure to thrive with ‘milder forms’
  • Critical feature is the degree of pulmonary stenosis
18
Q

Genetic cardiomyopathy:

A
  • Metabolic storage diseases
  • Conduction defects
  • Mitochondrial disorders
  • Ion channel disorders
  • Muscular dystrophies
19
Q

Acquired cardiomyopathy:

A
  • Myocarditis
  • Stress-provoked
  • Tachycardia-induced
  • Infant of mother with diabetes
20
Q

Kawasaki disease

A
  • Acquired vasculitis
  • Fever for at least 5 days
  • And at least 4 of symptoms
21
Q

Kawasaki disease symptoms:

A
  • Red eyes
  • Body rash (stomach, chest
  • Sore irritated throat
  • Swollen red, cracked lips
22
Q

Heart failure signs and symptoms:

A
  • Poor feeding
  • Failure to thrive
  • Tachypnoea/ Dyspnoea/ Wheezing
  • Cyanosis
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Exertional dyspnoea
  • Syncope
23
Q

Significant heart failure signs:

A
  • Symptomatic
  • Pansystolic, diastolic murmur
  • Loud, harsh
  • Thrills
24
Q

Red flags in heart failure:

A
  • Lack of prodrome
  • Palpitations, Chest pain
  • Induced by exercise
  • Past cardiac history
  • Family history of early cardiac death, arrhythmia or sudden death
25
Q

Investigations and management in heart failure:

A
  • CXR (cardiomegaly, boot-shaped, pulmonary oedema)
  • Cardiac ultrasound
  • ECG (ventricular/atrial hypertrophy)
26
Q

Management in heart failure:

A
  • PDA: ibuprofen, paracetamol, surgical ligation
  • Heart failure: diuretics, ACE inhibitors
  • Surgery
  • Nutritional support
27
Q

Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure:

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

28
Q

Continuous murmur, louder in systole:

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

29
Q

Pansystolic, harsh murmur left sternum:

A

Ventricular septal defect

30
Q

Harsh systolic murmur over back sign:

A

Coarctation of aorta

31
Q

Fixed split 2nd heart sound:

A

Atrial septal defect

Paediatrics Y4 (33 decks)

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