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Clinical Methods > 3.02 - Dysarthria & Voice > Flashcards

3.02 - Dysarthria & Voice Flashcards

1
Q

What are Dysarthrias?

A

A group of disorders that impair the ability to execute motor movement

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2
Q

Can Dysarthria co-occur with aphasia?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

Articulation is good for automatic speech.

A

Apraxia

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4
Q

Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

Errors are predictable and constant

A

Dysarthria

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5
Q

Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

There are visible groping postures

A

Apraxia

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6
Q

Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

Someone has difficulty initiating speech.

A

Apraxia

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7
Q

Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

There are deficits involving respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, & resonance.

A

Dysarthria

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8
Q

Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

Someone has difficulty with imitation.

A

Apraxia

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9
Q

What is the goal for treating Dysarthrias?

A

To improve intelligibility & speech motor control

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10
Q

What are the classes of Dysarthria?

A

Flaccid

Spastic

Ataxic

Hypokinetic

Hyperkinetic

Mixed

Unilateral

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11
Q

What are the four techniques in treating Dysarthria?

A

Behavior Modification

Prosthetic Devices

Medical & Surgical Procedures (pharyngeal flap)

Augmentative/Alternative Devices

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12
Q

What are the subsystems of Dysarthria?

A

Respiratory

Phonatory

Resonance

Articulatory

Prosody

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13
Q

What is the goal of dealing with the Respiratory aspects of Dysarthria?

A

To establish consistent, controlled exhalation

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14
Q

What can be the issue with the Respiratory Aspects of Dysarthria?

A

Inefficient use of the breath stream in speech

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15
Q

What is the goal in dealing with the Phonatory Aspects of Dysarthria?

A

To establish efficient vocal fold closure during speech

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16
Q

What are the two issues that can occur in the Phonatory Aspects of Dysarthria?

A

Hyper Adduction

Hypo Adduction

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17
Q

Which has the biggest effect on speech: Hypoadduction or Hyperadduction?

A

Hypoadduction

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18
Q

What is the goal in dealing with the Resonance Aspects of Dysarthria?

A

To decrease hypernasality by generating appropriate intraoral pressure

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19
Q

What are the two issues that can occur in the Resonance Aspects of Dysarthria?

A

Hypernasality

Nasal Air Emission

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20
Q

What is the goal in dealing with the Articulatory Aspects of Dysarthria?

A

Improving speech sound production within the constraints of the client’s impairment

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21
Q

What are the issues that can occur in the Articulatory Aspects of Dysarthria?

A

The pattern of articulatory errors varies

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22
Q

What is the goal in dealing with the Prosody Aspects of Dysarthria?

A

To improve intelligibility by focussing on the specific prosodic difficulties

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23
Q

What are the issues that can occur in the Prosody Aspects of Dysarthria?

(6)

A

Monopitch

Monoloudness

Excessive or equal stress on words

Inappropriate intonation

Inappropriate rate

Etc.

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24
Q

What is the goal in the treatment of Apraxia?

A

Increasing voluntary control over the articulatory movements

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25
Q

How is Apraxia usually treated?

A

By using drills

Practicing motor movements over and over again.

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26
Q

What can also be used to help with Apraxic Speech?

A

AAC devices

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27
Q

What is usually the issue with voice disorders?

2

A

Trouble initiating or controlling the voice

Trouble with pitch, loudness, and/or quality

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28
Q

What does the client need to do before beginning therapy for voice disorders?

A

See an ENT to rule out pathologies

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29
Q

What is Dysphonia?

A

Any condition where there is a poor or unpleasant voice quality

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30
Q

What are nonorganic factors that can lead to disphonia?

4

A

Aphonia

Stress

Anxiety

Emotional problems

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31
Q

What are organic factors that can lead to Disphonia?

5

A

Laryngitis

Tumors

Paralysis

Vocal Fold Webbing

Etc.

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32
Q

What is an Organic Voice issue?

A

One caused by a pathology affecting the larynx or the vocal folds

Usually alters the mass of the vocal folds

33
Q

What is a Functional Voice issue?

A

One cause by vocal abuse or psychological factors

34
Q

What are symptoms of Functional Voice issues?

5

A

Whispered voice

Breathy voice

Hoarse voice

Tight voice

Variation in pitch and/or loudness

35
Q

What are the three kinds of intervention for voice disorders?

A

Medical

Environmental

Behavioral

36
Q

What are medical interventions of voice disorders?

A

One performed by an ENT or medical doctor

37
Q

What are environmental interventions of voice disorders

A

Modifying the client’s surroundings to adjust to vocal demands

38
Q

What are behavioral interventions of voice disorders?

A

Modifying specific symptoms (hoarseness, breathiness, etc.)

39
Q

What is Edema?

2

A

Tissue swelling due to excess fluid

Can be a symptom of a larger disease

40
Q

What are some etiologies of Edema?

5

A

Vocal misuse

Localized diseases

Allergies

Smoking

Endocrine inbalance (thyroid issues, menstral, pregnancy, etc.)

41
Q

What is Infectious Laryngitis?

A

Laryngitis caused by a virus or bacterial infection

42
Q

What are some symptoms of Infectious Laryngitis?

5

A

Fever

Headache

Runny nose

Sore throat

Coughing

43
Q

How do you treat Infectious Laryngitis?

3

A

Voice rest

Fluids

Pain reliever

44
Q

What is Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)?

2

A

Acid from the stomach that comes up through the lower esophageal sphincter

It can burn the pharyngeal & laryngeal structures

45
Q

How can Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD) be diagnosed?

2

A

pH monitoring

Endoscopy

46
Q

What are Polyps?

A

Benign lesions

47
Q

Do polyps tend to be bilateral or unilateral?

A

Unilateral

48
Q

What are the two types of laryngeal polyps?

A

Sessile (broad based)

Pedunculated (attached via a stalk)

49
Q

What is a symptom of polyps?

3

A

Breathiness

Hoarseness

Rough voice

50
Q

What are Nodules?

A

A type of polyp

51
Q

Are nodules usually bilateral or unilateral?

A

Bilateral

52
Q

What are two other names for vocal nodules?

A

Singer’s nodes

Screamers nodes

53
Q

What is Papilloma?

2

A

A benign neoplasm (abnormal growth) with a a core of vascular connective tissue

Looks like multiple clusters of warts

54
Q

Where do papillomas tend to form?

A

On the vocal folds but they can invade the trachea

55
Q

What is the etiology of papilloma?

A

Virus with some hormonal link (more common in prepubescent males)

56
Q

What is the treatment for papilloma?

A

Surgery

57
Q

What is Vocal Webbing?

A

A congenital or acquired disorder

58
Q

How is Vocal Webbing treated?

A

By surgery

59
Q

What does Vocal Fold Paralysis affect?

A

Vocal quality & airway competency

60
Q

What is Spasmodic Dysphonia?

A

Involuntary movement (spasms) of the vocal folds

61
Q

How do you treat Spasmodic Dysphonia?

A

Medically & behaviorally

62
Q

What are Psychogenic Voice Disorders?

A

Those caused by issues not involving the larynx (anxiety, etc.)

63
Q

What are the two major Psychogenic Voice Disorders?

A

Conversion Dysphonia

Mutational falsetto

64
Q

What is Conversation Dysphonia?

A

Dysphonia (mild hoarseness) ->

Aphonia ->

Mutism

65
Q

What is Falsetto?

2

A

Speaking with a pitch too high for one’s vocal tract

Can occur from an incomplete closure of the vocal folds

66
Q

What are three other names for Falsetto?

A

Puberphonia

Mutational falsetto

Incomplete maturation of voice

67
Q

What is Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement?

2

A

The vocal folds should abduct before inhalation and slightly adduct during exhalation

This is when the opposite occurs

68
Q

Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement usually occurs in ______. The person can sound like they are ________.

A

Adolescents

Out of breath

69
Q

What are the three parts to a vocal assessment?

A

Listening (obtaining a good speech sample)

Objective measurements (voice measurements and airflow measurements)

Looking (Stroposcope)

70
Q

What are the two parts to a Quick Screen for Voice?

A

Listen and rate

Tasks to judge

71
Q

What is the “Listen & Rate” Portion of the Quick Screen for Voice?

(3)

A

Respiration

Phonation

Resonance

72
Q

What is the “Tasks to Judge” Portion of the Quick Screen for Voice?

(4)

A

Habitual Pitch

Loudness

Maximum phonation time

Pitch range

73
Q

What 8 things are looked for in a Stroboscopic Assessment?

A

Arytenoid approximation

Vocal fold approximation

Vocal fold edge

Vocal fold surface

Mucous

Vibratory behavior

Amplitude

Mucosal wave function

74
Q

What are the three stages of Voice Treatment Therapy?

A

Primary (prevention)

Secondary (early dectection)

Tertiary (remediation)

75
Q

What are the two Behavioral Techniques for Voice Treatment?

A

Vocal Hyperfuntion

Vocal Hypofuntion

76
Q

What do we work on when treating Vocal Hyperfuntion?

5

A

Relaxation

Reducing loudness

Softening glottal attacks

Pitch adjustment

Inhalation phonation (as a relaxer)

77
Q

What do we work on when treating Vocal Hypofuntion?

2

A

Pushing/pulling glottal closure

Increasing loudness (respiratory pattern)

78
Q

What can be used to assist in Alaryngeal Speech?

A

Using vibration that does not come from larynx (like false vocal folds)

Using mechanical devices

Clinical Methods (11 decks)

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