1.01 - Book - Ch. 1-A Flashcards
Intervention programs should be designed with careful consideration of a client’s ______. Knowledge of a client’s cognitive functioning is critical to making decisions about ______ and selecting appropriate ______.
Verbal and nonverbal cognitive abilities
Eligibility for treatment
Therapy objectives
Intervention is a ______ rather than a ______ process, in which the clinician continuously assesses a client’s progress towards ______ and modifies them as necessary.
Dynamic
Static
Established goals
The ultimate goal of intervention is to teach strategies for ______ rather than teaching isolated skills or behaviors (to the extent possible). While skills are required to achieve specific outcomes in given situations, strategies enable the individual to know when and how to use their skills in ______.
Facilitating the communication process
New and varied learning contexts
Speech and language abilities are acquired and used primarily for the purpose of ______ and therefore should be taught in a ______. To the extent possible, therapy should occur in ______ and provide the client with opportunities to engage in ______.
Communication
Communicative context
Realistic situations
Meaningful communicative interactions
Intervention should be ______, based on the nature of a client’s specific ______ and individual ______.
Individually oriented
Deficits
Learning style
Intervention should be designed to ensure that a client experiences consistent ______ through all stages of the therapy program.
Success
Intervention is most effective when therapy goals are tailored to promote a client’s knowledge ________.
One step beyond the current level
Intervention should be terminated once ______ or a client is ______.
Goals are achieved
No longer making demonstrable progress
Intervention practices must be based on ______.
Scientific Evidence
Intervention should be sensitive to a client’s ______.
Cultural and linguisitic background
What is another name for Therapy Targets?
Long-term goals
What are pretreatment baselines?
Clinician designed measures
Give a client multiple opportunities to demonstrate a communicative behavior
What is a good rule of thumb when setting the number of stimuli for pretreatment baselines?
Have at least 20 stimuli for each baseline being assessed
What does Developmental/Normative Strategy mean?
A strategy where therapy targets are taught in the same general order as they emerge developmentally.
Earlier emerging behaviors are taught before later emerging behaviors
Who tends to benefit the most with a developmental/normative strategy?
Children with articulation and/or language disorders
What is a Client-Specific Strategy?
One where therapy targets are chosen based on the individual’s specific needs
Must you choose either a developmental or a client-specific strategy?
No. You can combine them
What are the three factors that determine the progression of the therapy sequence?
Stimulus Type
Task Mode
Response Level
What is the Stimulus Type?
The type of input being used to elicit target responses
What are the three stimulus types?
Direct physical manipulation
Concrete symbols
Abstract symbols
What are Concrete Symbols?
3
Objects
Photographs/Color Pictures
Black-and-White Line Drawings
What are Abstract Symbols?
2
Oral Language
Written Language
What is the Task Mode?
The support/scaffolding used by the clinician to elicit the desired response
What are three different kinds of Task Modes?
Imitation
Cue/Prompt
Spontaneous
What is the Response Level?
The degree of difficulty/complexity of target responses
What are two different types of response levels?
Increasing the length and complexity of the desired response
Decreasing the latency (time) between the stimulus presentation and the client response
What are some different complexities found in Response Levels?
(7)
Isolation
Syllable
Word
Carrier Phrase (“I see a _____”)
Phrase
Sentence
Text (conversation, narration, etc.)
If a client obtains a baseline score lower than 50% accuracy, how should the training be modified?
Training of that behavior should occur just below the level of difficulty of the baseline
If a client obtains a baseline score that is in between 50-75% accuracy, how should the training be modified?
Training can occur at the baseline’s difficulty level
If the current task appears too easy or too hard for the client, is it ok for the clinicial to modify it?
Yes!
Generalization is enhanced when intervention is provided in the most ______ contexts possible
Authentic and realistic
What can be done to aid generalization?
3
Using a variety of stimuli
Varying the physical environment
Varying the audience (familiar adult, sibling, unfamiliar adult, etc.)
What are the three parts of a behavioral objective?
“Do” Statement
Condition
Criterion
What is a “Do” Statement?
3
The specific action a client is expected to perform
The verb used should be concrete and action based.
It needs to be able to be measured
What is a Condition?
4
Where the target behavior is to be performed
When the behavior is to be performed
With whom the behavior is to be performed
What materials/cues will signal the behavior to be performed
What is a Criterion?
2
How well the target behavior must be performed
The measure that the objective has been reached
