1.02 - Book - Ch. 1-B

Question 0

What is training by Indirect Modeling?

2

Answer 0

The clinician demonstrates a specific behavior frequently

This exposes the client to many examples of the target behavior

Question 1

What is training by Direct Modeling?

2

Answer 1

Clinician demonstrates a specific behavior

This provides a model for the client to imititate

Question 2

What is training by Shaping by Successive Approximation?

Answer 2

A target behavior is broken into smaller components

These are taught in an ascending sequence according to difficulty

Question 3

What is training by prompts?

Answer 3

The clinician provides verbal or non-verbal cues

This facilitates a client’s production of the correct response

Question 4

What is training by fading?

2

Answer 4

The stimulus or consequence are reduced in gradual steps while maintaining the target response

Usually done after the client can produce at least 5 consecutive correct responses

Question 5

What is training by expansion?

Answer 5

The clinician reformulates a client’s utterance into a more mature or complete one

Question 6

What is training by negative practice? When is this normally done?

(3)

Answer 6

Intended to enhance the client’s awareness of their error pattern

Illustrates differences between “old” response and intended target

Usually only used AFTER a client can demonstrate the ability to produce the intended target successfully

Question 7

What is training by Target Specific Feedback?

Answer 7

The clinician provides information regarding the accuracy of a client’s response

Question 8

What does Target Specific Feedback contrast with?

Answer 8

Generalized feedback or consequences

“Good! I didn’t see your tongue peeking out when you said ‘Soup’”

Question 9

What are Attentional Cues?

Answer 9

Ones that help focus a client’s attention on the task

Look at me, are you ready?, etc.

Question 10

What are Instructional Cues?

2

Answer 10

They provide information directly related to the target behavior being attempted

Can be verbal or non-verbal

Question 11

What is the benefit of giving a client homework?

2

Answer 11

It can strengthen the response

It can facilitate generalization

Question 12

What is the purpose of homework?

Answer 12

To practice an EXISTING skill

Question 13

What are some guidelines to assigning homework?

4

Answer 13

It needs to be a manageable amount

It should be given regularly

Instructions should be written

It should be reviewed at next session

Question 14

What are the 5 steps to basic training protocol?

Answer 14

Clinician produces stimulus

Clinician waits for client response

Clinician presents appropriate consequence

Clinician records response

Clinician removes stimulus (if appropriate)

Question 15

What should be the flow of difficulty during a therapy session?

(3)

Answer 15

Easy Tasks

Hard Tasks

Easy Tasks

Question 16

Instructions should be as _____ and _____ as possible. Why?

Answer 16

Clear

Concise

Long, complex explanations can prevent client from understanding the intended task

Question 17

Instructions should be stated _______. Directions in the form of ______ can be confusing.

Answer 17

Declaratively

Requests

Question 18

Be sure to give clients ________ to respond before repeating the instructions. Resist the temptation to repeat the instructions ______ because individuals with communication difficulties often need _______. _______ may facilitate more consistent correct responses.

Answer 18

Sufficient time

Too quickly

More processing time

Waiting

Question 19

If it becomes necessary to readminister the instruction, try to avoid significant _______. This is particularly important with clients who have ________.

Answer 19

Rewording

Language disorders

Question 20

The main emphasis of the instructions should be on the ______ rather than on the details of the ________ being used to elicit the behavior.

Answer 20

Targeted behavior

Activity or game

Question 21

What are proxemics?

Answer 21

Spacial arrangements/relationships between the client & clinician within the therapy setting

Question 22

What are probes?

3

Answer 22

Novel but equivalent stimuli

They are designed to measure progress

Usually about 20 stimuli

Question 23

What is a mixed probe?

Answer 23

A combination of familiar and unfamiliar stimuli

Question 24

What is Treatment Efficacy?

3

Answer 24

Does the treatment work?

Does one treatment work better or faster than another?

In what ways does the treatment alter behavior?

Question 25

What is a multiple baseline?

2

Answer 25

It uses a selection of at least 3 target behaviors of similar complexity that need remediation

Do not choose a set of targets where skills in one are directly applicable to another (All sounds that differ in voicing)

Question 26

What is the benefit of multiple baselines?

Answer 26

The clinician can latter access other speech/language impairments with similar problems to see if the therapy has helped or if it occurred for different reasons

(The client can now distinguish /p/ from /b/. Can they do the same for /k/ and /g/?)