301-400 super exams

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the double burden of the disease in the Philippines?

A. Pneumonia is the leading communicable cause of mortality and morbidity
B. The leading cause of mortality is cardiovascular disease
C. hypertension is the 5th leading cause of morbidity in this country
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Answer 1

D. all of the above

> The double burden of disease in the Philippines indicate that the leading causes of morbidity are communicable disease while the leading cause of mortality are the noncommunicable ones. In terms of ranking, pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity followed by diarrheal illness. mortality shows that heart disease remain the no 1 cause of death of filipinos. along the least, the most common communicable disease that causes mortality is pneumonia.

Question 2

In family APGAR, this refers to the capabillity of the family to utilize and share inherent resources:

A. Adaptation
B. partnership
C. Growth
D. Affection
E. Resolve

Answer 2

A. Adaptation

• Partnership - sharing in decision making. Measure the satisfaction attained in solving problems by communicating.
• Growth - refers to both physical and emotional growth. This measures the satisfaction of the available freedom of change.
• Affection - measures the members satisfaction with the intimacy and emotional interaction that exist in the family.
• Resolve - refers to how time, space, and money are shared. measures the members satisfaction with the commitment made by other members of the family.

Question 3

The basic indicator most often used to reflect the economic health of a country is?

A. Child mortality rate
B. Infant mortality rate
C. Gross national product
D. Population density
E. Migration rate

Answer 3

B. Infant mortality rate

Question 4

which type of parenting style will yield a child that is rebellious, impulsive and low achieving?

A. rejecting
B. Permissive
C. authoritarian
D. Uninvolved
E. None of the above

Answer 4

B. Permissive

• Rejecting: immature, psychologically troubled child
• Authoritarian: conflicting, unfriendly irritable child
• Uninvolved: lonely and withdrawn child.

Question 5

Which type of verbal communication indicates sincerity ?

A. Eye contact
B. handshake
C. Posture
D. mannerism
E. Touch

Answer 5

A. Eye contact

Question 6

The most challenging and rewarding stage for the physician in the Family Illness Trajectory?

A. Onset of illness to diagnosis
B. Reaction to diagnosis
C. Major therapeutic effort
D. Early adjustment to outcome
E. None of the above

Answer 6

C. Major therapeutic effort

Question 7

29 year old HIV positive male was recently diagnosed with TB meningitis now exhibit stuporous state, ophthalmoplegia, dysphagia, and meningeal signs. In what stage is the patient most likely at?

A. Stage I
B. Stage II
C. Stage III
D. Stage IV
E. stage V

Answer 7

B. Stage II

> Stages of TB Meningitis
• Stage I
nonspecific symptoms especially gastrointestinal, irritable, listless , fever
• Stage II
progressive stupor cranial nerve palsies, and long tract signs, kernig and Brudzinski
• Stage III
Coma, irregular respirations, fixed pupils and clonic spasms of the extremities.

Question 8

Drugs not covered by patent protection and which are labeled solely by their international propriety names?

A. Complementary drugs
B. Generic drugs
C. Essential drugs
D. Core drugs
E. None of the above

Answer 8

B. Generic drugs

Question 9

In which of the following situations can a patient avail of the philhealth benefit?

a.) The patient has applied for philhealth a month ago, and he is now confined in the hospital for an appendectomy
b.) Patient was admitted last month for 2 months due to sepsis due to CAP-HR, and she is now admitted in the hospital for another episode of CAP-HR
c.) Patient is admitted for a case of UTI, but was discharged on the same day
d.) Patient underwent excision of breast mass as OPD
e.) All of the above

Answer 9

d.) Patient underwent excision of breast mass as OPD

> One can avail philhealth if
1.) There is at least 3 monthly contributions within the immediate 6 month period prior to the month of confinement
2.) Confinement in any accredited hospitals for not less than 24 hours due to an illness or injury requiring hospitalization.
3.) Minor surgical procedures and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hemodialysis and cataract extraction even on OPD basis provided that the 45 days allowance for room and board has not been consumed yet.

Question 10

which of the following medicinal plant is correlated with anticholesterol effect?

A. garlic
B. ampalaya
C. akapulko
D. Lagundi
E. None of the above

Answer 10

A. garlic

Question 11

which of the following health promotion strategy is based on organizational approach?

A. Development of support groups by nonprofit organizations and facilities that provide services to people with special needs
B. Regulations aimed at reducing youth access to tobacco products and alcohol
C. Organization and training out of school youth to reduce vulnerability to sex or drug crimes
D. Stress management classes for middle-management employees in the workplace
E. all of the above

Question 12

An 18-year-old sexually active college student presents with complaints of lower abdominal pain and irregular bleeding for five days. She has no fever. She uses oral contraceptives as method of birth control. Upon examination, the cervix is friable, there is cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness. The pregnancy test is negative. Which is the most likely etiologic agent responsible for these findings?

A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
B. Chlamydia trachomatis
C. Treponema pallidum
D. Herpes simplex virus type 2
E. Mycoplasma hominis

Answer 12

B. Chlamydia trachomatis

> Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. Infections of the cervix may present as a friable cervix, but are most often without signs or symptoms.

Question 13

In nine families surveyed, the numbers of children per family were 4, 6, 2, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 7. The mean, median, and mode numbers of children per family are, respectively:

A.3.4,2,3
B.3,3.4,2
C.3,3,2
D.2,3.5,3
E.3.4,3,2

Answer 13

E.3.4,3,2

Question 14

Which of the following is a criteria for instituting a screening program?

A. There should be a short period between first signs and overt disease
B. Diagnostic test must be sensitive and specific
C. Low prevalence during the preclinical stage of the disease
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Answer 14

B. Diagnostic test must be sensitive and specific

Question 15

David and Lorie has been having marital disputes which they refuse to confront and instead they express over concern for their adolescent daughter’s defiant behavior to house rules. What family process is described?

A. Disengagement
B. Triangulation
C. Coalition
D. Enmeshment
E. scape goating

Answer 15

B. Triangulation

> Triangulation - Detouring conflict between 2 people by involving a third person, thereby stabilizing the relationship between the original pair
Enmeshment –over involvement of family members with each other
Disengagement – members are isolated from each other or have little emotional response to each other
Coalition- one family member is siding with another family member
Scape-goating - family member (often child) who is the object of displaced conflict/criticism.

Question 16

A country has 8,190,345 male and 7,397,056 females. 40% of which are less than 45 y/o.This year there were 26,525 births, 6,146 mothers died of childbirth, 10,568 died of peumonia, 25,788 died of myocardial infarction, 7,825 died of CVA, 14,638 died of cancer, 2,027 infants less than 1 year old died of sepsis. 1736 children died of MVA. what is the maternal mortality rate?

A. 23.18%
B. 23.20%
C. 23.16%
D. 23.19%
E. 23.17%

Answer 16

E. 23.17%

> # deaths due to childbirth/ total live births

Question 17

True of the family genogram as a graphic representation of a family tree, except:

A. consists of 3 or more generations
B. Each generation is identified by arabic numbers.
C. The first-born of each generation is farthest to the left.
D. The family name is placed above each major family unit.
E. Given names and ages are placed below each symbol.

Answer 17

B. Each generation is identified by arabic numbers.

Question 18

“I am satisfied with the way my family and I share time together” pertains to which component of the APGAR assessment tool:

A. Adaptation
B. Partnership
C. Growth
D. Affection
E. Resolve

Answer 18

E. Resolve

Question 19

The Family APGAR is needed in which situation?

A. when the family will be directly involved in caring for the patient
B. when treating a new patient in order to get information to serve as general view of family function
C. when treating a patient whose family is in crisis
D. when a patient’s behavior makes you suspect a psychosocial problem possibly due to family dysfunction
E. all of the above

Answer 19

E. all of the above

Question 20

All of the following statements about the relationship between marital status and cancer are true, except:

A. The risk of cancer of the cervix is higher in married women compared with single women.
B. The risk of cancer of the cervix is lower in women who marry late in life than in women who marry earlier.
C. The risk of breast cancer is higher in single than in married women.
D. The risk of ovarian cancer is not related to marital status.
E. The risk of cancer of the testes is higher in married than in single men.

Answer 20

E. The risk of cancer of the testes is higher in married than in single men.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about emphysema is true?

A. There is a definitive clinical diagnosis of the disease.
B. The majority of persons with emphysema are symptomatic.
C. Flow rates on pulmonary function tests resemble those seen in chronic bronchitis.
D. It is equally prevalent in light and heavy smokers.
E. It is associated with the chronic inhalation of coal dust.

Answer 21

C. Flow rates on pulmonary function tests resemble those seen in chronic bronchitis.

Question 22

Which statement about obesity is correct?

A. Osteoarthritis is less common among obese persons because of decreased activity.
B. In a normal person, 300 calories of excess carbohydrate will lead to the same weight gain as 300 calories of excess fat.
C. Obese persons are significantly less active than non- obese persons.
D. The apparent association between obesity and hypertension is probably due to the use of inappropriately small blood pressure cuffs in the obese subjects.
E. none of the above

Answer 22

C. Obese persons are significantly less active than non- obese persons.

Question 23

The parameter that can be used to obtain the best estimate of the prevalence of dental caries is:

A. the calculus index
B. the malocclusion index
C. the decayed, missing, or filled rate
D. the oral hygiene index
E. none of the above

Answer 23

C. the decayed, missing, or filled rate

Question 24

Randomization is a procedure used for assignment or allocation of subjects to treatment and control groups in experimental studies. Randomization ensures:

A. that assignment occurs by chance
B. that treatment and control groups are alike in all aspects except treatment
C. that bias in observations is eliminated
D. that placebo effects are eliminated
E. none of the above

Answer 24

A. that assignment occurs by chance

Question 25

The association between low birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy can be studied by obtaining smoking histories from women at the time of the prenatal visit and then subsequently correlating birth weight with smoking histories. What type of study is this?

A. clinical trial
B. cross-sectional
C. cohort (prospective)
D. case-control (retrospective)
E. none of the above

Answer 25

C. cohort (prospective)

Question 26

Which of the following diseases is found almost exclusively among persons who have worked with or have been exposed to ASBESTOS?

A. bronchogenic carcinoma
B. byssinosis
C. pleural mesothelioma
D. laryngeal carcinoma
E. emphysema

Answer 26

C. pleural mesothelioma

Question 27

Which is the most appropriate statistical test to analyze the date of a study that compares the serum cholesterol before and after ingestion of hamburgers in a sample of fast-food patrons?

A. Chi-square test
B. analysis of variance
C. linear regression
D. student t test
E. paired t test

Answer 27

E. paired t test

Question 28

Studies in medicine are designed to identify causes of disease. The ultimate goal of such studies is to alter the frequency or severity of these diseases. All of the following are considerations in the determination of causality, except:

A. temporal sequence - causative agents must precede their consequences
B. biological gradient - dose-response curve
C. concurrency - cause and effect are found at the same time
D. strength of association
E. consistency - repeated observations of the same associations

Answer 28

C. concurrency - cause and effect are found at the same time

Question 29

In nine families surveyed, the numbers of children per family were 4, 6, 2, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 7. The mean, median, and mode numbers of children per family are, respectively:

A.3.4,2,3
B.3,3.4,2
C.3,3,2
D.2,3.5,3
E. none of the above

Answer 29

E. none of the above

Question 30

Epidemiology can be defined as the study of:

A. the etiology of disease in humans
B. the frequency of causes of death in humans
C. the determination of causes of death in humans
D. the distribution and determinants of frequency of disease in humans
E. the patterns of organization and financing of health care

Answer 30

D. the distribution and determinants of frequency of disease in humans

Question 31

As a new public health officer, you are tasked with developing criteria for a disease surveillance system. All the following are important purposes for a public health surveillance system, except:

A. detection of epidermics
B. detection of rare but fatal condition, such as Alzheimer’s disease
C. description of trends and the natural history of a health condition
D. evaluation of hypotheses about the occurrence of a disease
E. evaluation of control and prevention measures

Answer 31

B. detection of rare but fatal condition, such as Alzheimer’s disease

Question 32

The newborn with CMV infection at birth most commonly presents with:

A. hepatosplenomegaly
B. hepatitis
C. thrombocytopenia
D. cerebral calcifications
E. no symptoms

Answer 32

E. no symptoms

Question 33

A familial aggregation pattern exists for cancer of all the following organs, except:

A. breast
B. retina
C. colon
D. larynx
E. skin

Answer 33

D. larynx

Question 34

True statements above osteoarthritis include:

A. It is more than twice as common among women as men of the same age
B. The pattern of joint involvement is essentially identical in all races among persons of the same age
C. Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of disability in the elderly.
D. Hereditary factors are important in Heberden’s nodes.
E. none of the above

Answer 34

D. Hereditary factors are important in Heberden’s nodes.

Question 35

Radiologic findings specific for exposure to asbestos include:

A. bilateral pulmonary fibrosis
B. pulmonary nodules
C. pleural effusion
D. pleural calcification
E. none of the above

Answer 35

C. pleural effusion

Question 36

Which of the following statements about the statistics of suicide is correct?

A. Compared with other sex-race groups, the mortality from suicide is highest in black males of all ages.
B. The incidence of suicide attempts is highers in males than in females.
C. The risk of suicide increases for several months following divorce, separation, or death of the spouse.
D. Suicide rates do not correlate with socioeconomic status.
E. none of the above

Answer 36

C. The risk of suicide increases for several months following divorce, separation, or death of the spouse.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about aortic dissection is true?

A. Almost all patients with aortic dissection have elevated serum cholesterol levels (>240 mg/dL)
B. Aortic dissection is the major cause of mortality in Marfan’s syndrome
C. There is increased incidence of aortic dissection in patients with Gaucher’s disease
D. Acute aortic dissection is usually asymptomatic

Answer 37

B. Aortic dissection is the major cause of mortality in Marfan’s syndrome

Question 38

The newborn with CMV infection at birth most commonly presents with:

A. Hepatosplenomegaly
B. Hepatitis
C. Cerebral calcifications
D. No symptoms

Answer 38

D. No symptoms

Question 39

Epidemiologic investigation of testicular cancer have shown that:

A. the peak incidence occurs within 1 to 2 years of puberty
B. there is an increased incidence in males with cryptorchidism
C. there is an increased risk in males with a history of venereal disease
D. there is no increased risk in males with a history of mumps orchitis

Answer 39

B. there is an increased incidence in males with cryptorchidism

Question 40

Reasons to treat gonorrhoea with oral tetracycline 500 mg qid for 7 days — rather than with oral ampicillin 3.5 g plus oral probenecid 1 g taken at one time — include:

A. lower frequency of side effects
B. better coverage of Chlamydia trachomatis
C. greater safety in case of pregnancy
D. none of the above

Answer 40

B. better coverage of Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 41

“The absence of valvular calcification in an adult suggests that severe valvular aortic stenosis is not present.” This statement means that:

A. valvular calcification is a sensitive test for severe valvular aortic stenosis
B. valvular calcification is an insensitive test for severe valvular aortic stenosis
C. valvular calcification is a specific test for severe valvular aortic stenosis
D. valvular calcification is a nonspecific test for severe valvular aortic stenosis

Answer 41

A. valvular calcification is a sensitive test for severe valvular aortic stenosis