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preventive medicine > 201 - 300 super exams > Flashcards

201 - 300 super exams Flashcards

1
Q

You wanted to investigate if a new drug can prevent hemorrhagic strokes in hypertensive patients. The most appropriate study to perform is:

A. Clinical trial
B. Cross-sectional
C. Prospective cohort
D. Case-control
E. Retrospective cohort

A

A. Clinical trial

Clinical trials are prospective studies in which an intervention is applied.

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2
Q

Which correctly describes infant mortality?

A. Number of deaths in the first 28 days of life per 1000 live births in 1 year
B. Number of fetal deaths plus deaths in the first week of life per 1000 total births in 1 year
C. Number of deaths under the age of 1 year per 1000 live births in 1 year
D. Number of deaths between the ages of 28 days and 11 months per 1000 live births in 1 year
E. Number of deaths within 72 hours of life per 1000 live births in 1 year

A

C. Number of deaths under the age of 1 year per 1000 live births in 1 year

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3
Q

A new test for Salmonella infetion is introduced. Half of the patients who are tested have a positive test. Compared with blood cultures, 60% of those with a positive test are infected with Salmonella, and 80% of those who tested negative are free of the infection. What is the sensitivity of the new test?

A. 40%
B. 60%
C. 67%
D. 75%
E. 80%

A

D. 75%

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4
Q

The incidence rate of a disease is expressed as:

A. Number of cases observed
B. Number of new cases observed
C. Number of asymptomatic cases
D. Person-years of observation
E. Persons lost to follow-up

A

D. Person-years of observation

Person-years of observation simulatenously take into account the number of persons under observation and the duration of observation of each person.

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5
Q

A randomized study of breast conservation surgery to prevent recurrence in patients with stage I breast cancer fails to find a significant difference between BCS and control groups after ten years (N = 500 per group; p = 0.20). Which of the following might best explain this?

A. Misclassification bias
B. Type I error
C. Type II error
D. Selection bias
E. Ecologic fallacy

A

C. Type II error

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6
Q

Which patient is most likely to become a chronic carrier following an acute episode of hepatitis B?

A. A newborn
B. A 20 year-old female following vaginal sexual
transmission
C. A 50 year-old male following rectal sexual transmission with a partner positive for HBeAg
D. A 30 year-old health care worker following a percutaneous injury
E. A 40 year-old HIV-infected male with a CD4 count of 200

A

A. A newborn

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7
Q

Which hepatitis profile is consistent with a recently vaccinated adult?

A. HbsAg-positive, (+) IgM anti-HBcAg, (-) anti-HBsAg
B. HbsAg-negative, (-) IgM anti-HBcAg, (+) anti-HbsAg
C. HbsAg-positive, (+) IgM anti-HBcAg, (+) anti-HBsAg
D. HbsAg-negative, (-) IgM anti-HbcAg, (-) anti-HBsAg
E. HbsAg-positive, (+) IgM anti-HBcAg, (-) anti-HBsAg

A

B. HbsAg-negative, (-) IgM anti-HBcAg, (+) anti-HbsAg

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8
Q

A causative agent’s virulence is described as:

A. Development of neutralizing antibodies after an attack
B. Development of disease in infected persons
C. Death among cases
D. Infection among contacts of infected persons
E. Period of time from infection to appearance of signs and symptoms

A

C. Death among cases

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9
Q

__________ refers to the severity of illness produced by a microbe and is measured by the percentage of severe or fatal cases.

A

Virulence

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10
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is associated with which of the following conditions?

A. Guillain-Barre syndrome
B. Hemolytic anemia
C. Febrile seizures
D. Intussusception
E. Neutropenia

A

A. Guillain-Barre syndrome

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11
Q

Paragonimiasis is transmitted by ingestion of infected:

A. Swine
B. Fish
C. Cattle
D. Crab
E. Snail

A

D. Crab

The larval stages of Paragonimus wetsermanii, also known as the lung fluke, develop in freshwater crabs and other crustacea.

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12
Q

A 45 year-old male textile worker came in for an annual physical examination. He has no subjective complaints. He has been working in the same factory for 25 years. He is involved in the dye preparation. Which test should you request for this patient?

A. Chest x-ray
B. Urinalysis
C. Brain MRI
D. CBC with platelet count
E. Thyroid function test

A

B. Urinalysis

Dye workers are susceptible to bladder cancer due to exposure to B-naphtylamine and benzidine. Hematuria, gross or microscopic, is the most common presenting symptom.

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13
Q

A patient with silicosis is most susceptible to have:

A. Lung cancer
B. Pneumonia
C. Asbestosis
D. Mesothelioma
E. Tuberculosis

A

E. Tuberculosis

  • It is postulated that silicosis results in a depression of cell-mediated immunity, and crystalline silica may inhibit the ability of pulmonary macrophages to kill phagocytosed mycobacteria.
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14
Q

Which metal may cause Fanconi syndrome if exposure has been chronic?

A. Arsenic
B. Lead
C. Mercury
D. Cadmium
E. Zinc

A

D. Cadmium

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15
Q

The antidote to parathion poisoning is:

A. EDTA
B. Pralidoxime
C. Dimercaprol
D. Acetylcysteine
E. Flumazenil

A

B. Pralidoxime

  • Parathion is an organophosphate pesticide.
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16
Q

The Ames test is applied in:

A. HIV testing
B. Mutagenicity screening
C. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis
D. Statistical analysis in clinical trials
E. Peripheral vision testing

A

B. Mutagenicity screening

  • The Ames test is a bacterial mutation assay that is most commonly used in the rapid screening test for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It is very sensitive to DNA damage.
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17
Q

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis has just finished 2 months of intensive therapy. He complains of numbness of both hands. This would have been prevented by co- administration of which vitamin?

A. Thiamin
B. Riboflavin
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Pyridoxine
E. Folic acid

A

D. Pyridoxine

  • Isoniazid causes peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin B6 is given to prevent this adverse drug effect.
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18
Q

The use of oral contraceptives will have the most impact on gynecological mortality by reducing the risks for which of the following cancers?

A. Ovarian
B. Breast
C. Cervical
D. Uterine
E. Vulvar

A

A. Ovarian

  • OCPs decrease the risk of ovarian cancer by up to 80%. They can also reduce the risk of uterine cancer.
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19
Q

Screening for hypertension constitues:

A. Primary prevention
B. Secondaryprevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. A and B
E. B and C

A

D. A and B

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20
Q

To obtain informed consent, which of the following is NOT required?

A. Disclosure of the nature and purpose of the proposed therapy
B. Disclosure of the risks and benefits of the proposed therapy
C. Alternatives to the proposed therapy
D. Consequences if the proposed therapy is not given
E. Signature of the patient on the written consent form

A

E. Signature of the patient on the written consent form

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21
Q

In the case of Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1976), a person was murdered after a therapist failed to inform the victim of a patient’s intentions to kill that person. This exemplifies:

A. Malpractice
B. Duty to warn
C. Confidentiality
D. Respect for autonomy
E. Nonmaleficence

A

B. Duty to warn

  • The court held that the patient’s right to privacy did not obviate the therapist’s duty to warn possible victims in cases in whhich a therapist can reasonably determine that another person is at foreseeable risk.
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22
Q

This type of family includes step parents, and or step children brought about by annulmentm with separation and remarriage?

A. Nuclear
B. Communal
C. Extended
D. Blended
E. None of the above

A

D. Blended

  • Nuclear - married man and women with their children, extended - linked together by virtue of kinship bond between parents and children and or between siblings . It ncludes three generations.

*Communal - composed of group of individual who are formed for specific ideological or societal purposes.

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23
Q

In a five star physician model, which aspect refers to a physician referring a patient to other specialist, or to agencies and institution and coodinates function in the clinic, hospital or community center?

A. Social mobilizer
B. Health care provider
C. Manager
D. Counselor
E. Researcher

A

C. Manager

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24
Q

Emprovers and motivates patient, family and even the community to be partners in health care

A

Social mobilizer

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25
Q

Promotes healthy lifestyle by empathic explanation and encouraging individuals and groups to enhance and protect their health.

A

Counselor

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26
Q

Considers patient as an integral part of a family and the community and provides high standard clinical care and personalizes preventive care within a long term trusting relationship

A

Health care provider

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27
Q

Selects appropriate medicine,test or ancillary procedures based on evidenced based practice.

A

Researcher

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28
Q

T his type of nonverbal communication connotes that the physician wants to establish a sense of personal relationship with the patient?

A. Eye contact
B. posture
C. Handshake
D. Tone of voice
E. mannerism

A

C. Handshake

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29
Q

In what phase in the family life cycle wherein there is development of adult to adult relationship between grown up children and their parents?

A. Launching family
B. Family with adolescents
C. Family in later life
D. Unattached young adult
E. none of the above

A

A. Launching family

launching family - this stage begins when the first child leaves home. During this stagem the parents must develop adult type relationships between the grown up children and themselves.

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30
Q

In the family illness trajectory, what stage refers to the second crisis which points to the family’s adjustment to the effect of illness?

A. Major therapeutic effect
B. Reaction to diagnosis
C. Adjustment to the permanency of the outcome
D. early adjustment to outcome
E. onset of illness

A

D. early adjustment to outcome

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31
Q

In family APGAR, this refers to the capabillity of the family to utilize and share inherent resources:

A. Adaptation
B. partnership
C. Growth
D. Affection
E. Resolve

A

A. Adaptation

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32
Q

Sharing in decision making. Measure the satisfaction attained in solving problems by communicating.

A

Partnership

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33
Q

Refers to both physical and emotional growth. This measures the satisfaction of the available freedom of change.

A

Growth

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34
Q

Measures the members satisfaction with the intimacy and emotional interaction that exist in the family.

A

Affection

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35
Q

Refers to how time, space, and money are shared. measures the members satisfaction with the commitment made by other members of the family.

A

Resolve

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36
Q

In McCubbins family typology, this type of regenerative family has a high value in family coherence but low in terms of family hardiness?

A. Vulnerable type
B. Durable type
C. Secure type
D. Regenerative type
E. None of the above

A

B. Durable type

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37
Q

Low family hardiness, low family coherence. ( more complacent , less likely to try new and exciting things, tending to do the same things over and over, and are less likely to encourage each other to be active and to learn new things

A

Vulnerable type

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38
Q

High family hardiness, low family coherence. active, in control, but when faced with difficulties are also less supportive of each other, less caring and loyal. and less tolerant of hardships.

A

Secure type

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39
Q

High in family hardiness and coherence. cope by working together to solve problems.

A

Regenerative type

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40
Q

In what phase of clinical trial wherein the drug or test is performed on patients with consent carried out mostly on hospital in patients. It assesses the effectiveness, safety and continued use of the drug device?

A. Phase 1
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
E. Phase 5

A

C. Phase 3

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41
Q

Experimental animals used to establish that the new agent is effective and suitable for human use.

A

Phase 1

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42
Q

Assess the effectiveness of the drug or device, determines the appropriate dose and investigates its safety.

A

Phase 2

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43
Q

Trial in normal field or program setting, reassess effectiveness, safety, acceptability and continued use of the drugs.

A

Phase 4

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44
Q

Which of the following is a criteria for instituting a screening program?

A. There should be a short period between first signs and overt disease
B. Diagnostic test must be sensitive and specific
C. Low prevalence during the preclinical stage of the disease
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

A

B. Diagnostic test must be sensitive and specific

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45
Q

What type of epidemiologic study is useful for investigating exposures that are fixed characteristics of individuals, such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status and blood groups, or chronic disease or stable condition?

A. Prevalence studies
B. Case control studies
C. prospective cohort studies
D. RCT
E. Ecological studies

A

A. Prevalence studies

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46
Q

Which of the following best describes the double burden of the disease in the Philippines?

A. Pneumonia is the leading communicable cause of mortality and morbidity
B. The leading cause of mortality is cardiovascular disease
C. hypertension is the 5th leading cause of morbidity in this country
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

A

D. all of the above

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47
Q

Which of the following factors can increase the prevalence rate of a cetain disease?
A. shorter duration of disease
B. Improved diagnostic facilities
C. Out migration of cases
D. Improved cure rate of the disease E. All of the above

A

B. Improved diagnostic facilities

48
Q

which of the following is true statement regarding a validity test?

A. A specific test is most helpful to a clinician especially if the test result is negative.
B. Highly sensitive test is needed when false positive result can induce potential harm to the patient
C. the positive predictive value of a test increases the prevalence of a disease
D. Sensitivity and specificity are affected by the prevalence of the disease or condition
E. all of the above

A

C. the positive predictive value of a test increases the prevalence of a disease

49
Q

this medicinal plant can be use as anti-helminthic for patients with ascariasis in terms of eradication of its ova through routine fecalysis?

A. Niyogniyogan
B. Ulasimang bato
C. Yerba buena
D. Sambong
E. None of the above

A

A. Niyogniyogan

  • Ulasimang bato - anti-inflammatory agent for patients with arthritis & gout.
    *Yerba Buena - anti- spasmodic agent for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
    *Sambong - anti-uricosuric for patients with kidney stones in terms of reducing the size of kidney stone & or completely dissolving the kidney stone.
50
Q

A 74 year old retired professor consulted you for a general check up. He read from a health magazine that vitamin supplementation can prevent cardiovascular disease and even cancer and started taking it daily. You were asked if there is truth to this recommendation. which of the following statement will you tell to your patient?

A. mega doses of vitamin C shortens the duration of illness and increases the immunity against that of the disease.
B. beta carotene supplementation helps reduce oxygen radicals and are recommended in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.
C. taking Vitamins A, C and E combination for the prevention of cancer or cardiovascular disease
D. recommended daily allowance particularly in elderly even if achieved in the diet is still not enough because of decreased absoprtion efficiency.
E. none of the above

A

E. none of the above

51
Q

The health status of the community may be expressed in terms of ?

A. Availability of public utilities
B. Morbidity and mortality statistics
C. Health care services utilization
D. Availability of health care services
E. All of the above

A

B. Morbidity and mortality statistics

52
Q

Under republic act 7610 also known as Child Protection Law, the definition of a child is?

A. Person who reach the age of emancipation of 18 years old
B. Person below 15 y/o
C. Person regardless of age whom by physical or mental
condition unable to protect themselves
D. only A and C
E. only B and C

A

C. Person regardless of age whom by physical or mental
condition unable to protect themselves

  • A child is defined by law as a person below 18 years old or whom by virtue mental or physical condition are unable to protect themselves regardless of age.
53
Q

Which of the following acts as a reservoir for Nocardiosis?

A. Soil
B. vegetations
C. Mosquito
D. human
E. None of the above

A

A. Soil

54
Q

In the course of investigating a 24-year-old HIV-infected male, the HBsAg is positive. He is currently asymptomatic, his physical examination is essentially normal, and his CD4 cell count is 800. Which of the following tests is most helpful in determining whether the patient is in the acute phase of viral hepatitis?

A. HbeAg
B. HbsAg
C. ALT levels
D. IgM anti Hbc
E. IgG anti Hbc

A

D. IgM anti Hbc

55
Q

What is the treatment regimen for latent PTB among adults?

A. Rifampicin 20mg/kg once daily for 4 months
B. INH 5mg/kg once daily for 9 months
C. INH 15mg/kg once a day for 9 months
D. Rifampicin 15mg/kg once daily for 4 months
E. none of the above

A

B. INH 5mg/kg once daily for 9 months

56
Q

Juan and Juana are married for 15 years, their eldest child Rita is currently second year high school, the family is currently balancing increasing the flexibility of their boundaries to balance their child’s independence and guidance, their concerns as parents as verbalized were regarding information regarding injury prevention, drug abuse, STD and early pregnancy issues as their child increasingly becomes moody and intolerant what stage of family life cycle they are currently in?

A. unattached young adults
B. newly married couple
C. family with young children
D. family with adolescents
E. launching family

A

D. family with adolescents

57
Q

Which of the following tools can be utilized by the practitioner to evaluate the capacity of the family to participate in the provision of health care to their sick family member or to cope with crisis?

A. family APGAR
B. SCREEM
C. family genogram
D. family map
E. family circle

A

B. SCREEM

58
Q

The Philippines currently suffers from a double burden of disease, which among the following statements correctly refers to this?

A. the leading cause of mortality in the Philippines is from infectious or communicable diseases
B. the leading cause of morbidity in the Philippines is from non communicable diseases
C. the Philippines has to address infectious or communicable diseases only first
D. there are different leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the Philippines which must be addressed separately
E. all of the above

A

D. there are different leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the Philippines which must be addressed separately

59
Q

A 30 year old male patient with cough of 3 weeks was asked to provide 3 sputum specimens for screening for tuberculosis, only 1 smear came in positive what is the next best step of action?

A. request another 3 sputum specimens
B. request for chest xray
C. request for sputum culture
D. refer to TBDC
E. all of the above

A

A. request another 3 sputum specimens

60
Q

Referring to the question above, this is an example of which type of prevention?

A. primary prevention
B. secondary prevention
C. tertiary prevention
D. all of the above
E. Only A and B

A

B. secondary prevention

61
Q

Once a physician is accredited by Philhealth when will he renew his Philhealth accreditation?

A. 1 year from date of issuance of Philhealth ID
B. 2 years from date of issuance of Philhealth ID
C. 3 years from date of issuance of Philhealth ID
D. 4 years from date of issuance of Philhealth ID
E. 5 years from date of issuance of Philhealth ID

A

C. 3 years from date of issuance of Philhealth ID

62
Q

Which of the following actions are proven to decrease mortality and morbidity from measles infection?

A. zinc supplementation
B. Vitamin D supplementation
C. Vitamin C supplementation
D. Vitamin A supplementation
E. Iron supplementation

A

D. Vitamin A supplementation

63
Q

All of the following vaccines are live attenuated vaccines EXCEPT?

A. measles
B. influenza
C. rotavirus
D. varicella
E. HPV

A

E. HPV

64
Q

All of the following are considered risk factors for coronary artery disease warranting institution of lipid screening except?

A. diabetes
B. family history of cardiovascular disease before 50 in males and 60 in females
C. hypertension
D. tobacco and illicit drug use
E. Helicobacter pylori infection

A

E. Helicobacter pylori infection

65
Q

What is the indicator that can be used to reflect or infer regarding a country’s economic status?

A. infant mortality rate
B. swaroop’s index
C. population density
D. inmigration and outmigration rate
E. cause specific mortality rate

A

A. infant mortality rate

66
Q

Of the goals and components of primary health care concept which among these is the most important?

A. accessible
B. acceptable
C. affordable
D. community participation
E. none of the above

A

D. community participation

67
Q

What is the appropriate term to describe an infection wherein antibody develops in almost majority of the people affected by the disease?

A. immunogenicity
B. pathogenicity
C. contagiousness
D. virulence
E. none of the above

A

A. immunogenicity

68
Q

All of the following are examples of secondary level of prevention except?

A. RPR and VDRL on high risk patients
B. HbsAg titers on pregnant mothers
C. screening chest xray for recurrence
D. annual mamography screening
E. annual pap smear

A

C. screening chest xray for recurrence

69
Q

Exposure of nonsmokers to second hand cigarette smoke may result in all of the following EXCEPT:

A. increased incidence of osteoporosis
B. elevation of blood concentration of carbon monoxide
C. increased incidence of infections of lower respiratory tract
D. eye irritation, headache, nasal congestion and cough
E. exacerbation of COPD

A

A. increased incidence of osteoporosis

*Primary smokers cause more osteoporosis not secondary smoke

70
Q

In Barangay San Isidro, July 2013 population of 50,000 individuals, for the year 2013, there were 300 documented deaths, of the 300 deaths, 120 were due to cardiovascular diseases, 80 were due to malignancy, 50 due to accidents and injury, 30 from childbirth, 20 were from infectious disease, of the 20, 16 were aged below 5 yrs old died from diarrheal an other infectious diseases, 4 adults died from other infectious dieases. There were 650 total births during that year as well. What is the crude death rate?

A. 3/1000
B. 4/1000
C. 5/1000
D. 6/1000
E. none of the above

A

D. 6/1000

71
Q

Which of the following measures is used frequently as a denominator to calculate the incidence rate of a disease?

A. Number of asymptomatic cases
B. Person-years of observation
C. Number of cases observed
D. Number if new cases observed
E. Persons lost to follow-up

A

B. Person-years of observation

  • Person-years of observation are frequently used in the denominator of incidence rates and provide a method of dealing with variable follow-up periods
72
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the family life cycle?

A. The key principle in the process of transition in The family with young children is commitment to the new system
B. The family with adolescents is the longest stage in the Philippines
C. First-order changes refer to changes that involve change in the main structure of the family
D. Second-order changes refer to changes in the role and identity of family members
E. None of the above

A

D. Second-order changes refer to changes in the role and identity of family members

73
Q

A study finds that a screening test helps increase the 5- year survival rate of patients with colon cancer. What type of bias is most likely in this study?

A. Misclassification bias
B. Differential bias
C. Recall bias
D. Surveillance bias
E. Lead-time bias

A

E. Lead-time bias

  • Lead-time bias refers to apparent increase in life expectancy seen in patients who have their disease diagnosed with a screening test
74
Q

If the prevalence of a disease in a population decreases, how will a test for that disease be affected?

A. There will be no effect on sensitivity and specificity
B. There will be an increase in positive predictive value
C. There will be a decrease in negative predictive value
D. Positive and negative predictive values will not be affected
E. A, B, and C are correct

A

A. There will be no effect on sensitivity and specificity

75
Q

Which of the following family assessment tools is used to assess the capacity to participate in provision of health care or cope with crisis?

A. Family genogram
B. Family APGAR
C. SCREEM
D. Family Environmental Scale
E. FACES

A

C. SCREEM

76
Q

Which of the following statements about blood pressure is true?

A. Isolated systolic hypertension is a risk factor for stroke
B. Diastolic BP is a more important predictor of incidence of coronary heart disease than is systolic BP
C. The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension peaks between ages 60 and 70
D. The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension increases with age in men but not in women
E. Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as a systolic BP above 200mmHg with normal diastolic BP

A

A. Isolated systolic hypertension is a risk factor for stroke

77
Q

Which of the following is true in a positively skewed distribution?

A. The distribution is skewed to the left
B. The outlying variables are small
C. Mean is larger than the median
D. A and B
E. All of the above

A

C. Mean is larger than the median

  • A postively skewed distribution is skewed to the right, has large outlying variable and the mean is larger than the median. The opposite is true for negatively skewed distribution
78
Q

A worker who develops aplastic anemia will most likely have been exposed to which of the following toxic substances?

A. Arsenic
B. Organic mercury
C. Asbestos
D. Benzene
E. Chromium

A

D. Benzene

79
Q

When debating whether providing or withholding medical treatment is ethical, the least important consideration of those listed below is:

A. Expected quality of life
B. Patient’s preference
C. Physycian’s preference
D. Economic factors
E. Indications for medical intervention

A

C. Physycian’s preference

80
Q

What refers to the ability of an infectious agent to produce serious illness and is measured in terms of fatality?

A. Infectivity
B. Virulence
C. Pathogenicity
D. Antigenicity
E. Susceptibility

A

B. Virulence

81
Q

Ability to invade and multiply

A

Infectivity

82
Q

Capacity to induce clinically apparent disease

A

Pathogenicity

83
Q

Ability to induce immunity

A

Antigenicity

84
Q

What is the most important single test in the examination of drinking water?

A. Physical
B. Chemical
C. Biological
D. Bacteriological
E. Radiological

A

D. Bacteriological

85
Q

In comparing the difference between two means, the value of p is found to be 0.60. The correct interpretation of this result is?

A. The difference is statistically significant
B. The difference occurred by chance
C. The null hypothesis is rejected
D. Sampling variation is an unlikely explanation of the difference
E. The difference is compatible with the null hypothesis

A

E. The difference is compatible with the null hypothesis

86
Q

This type of disease exemplified by leptospirosis is caused by agents spread by contact with or ingestion of water?

A. Water-based disease
B. Water-borne disease
C. Water-washed disease
D. Water-related disease
E. None of the above

A

A. Water-based disease

87
Q

Transmitted by contaminated drinking water such as cholera

A

Water-borne

88
Q

Transmitted from person to person due to inadequate water supply for personal hygiene such as scabies

A

Water-washed

89
Q

Transmitted by insects harboring in water such as dengue fever

A

Water-related

90
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Primary health care?

A. Comprised of curative services and deals with more complex problems
B. Must be community based with full participation and involvement of the people
C. Promotion of mental health is not an essential element D.BandC
E. All of the above

A

B. Must be community based with full participation and involvement of the people

91
Q

The family illness trajectory is a normal course of the psychological aspects of disease for the patient and the family. In which stage does the physician explore the explanatory model and fear that the patient bring’s to the clinical set-up?

A. Onset of illness to Diagnosis
B. Reaction to Diagnosis
C. Major Therapeutic Efforts
D. Early Adjustment to Outcome
E. Adjustment to Permanency of Outcome

A

A. Onset of illness to Diagnosis

92
Q

You are attempting to conduct a study that will look into the association between consumption of coffee and peptic ulcer disease. You obtain the history of coffee drinking of selected patients and then subsequently follow them up in the next five years to correlate PUD diagnosis with coffee drinking. What type of study will you use?

A. Cross-sectional
B. Clinical trial
C. Case-control
D. Cohort
E. Experimental

A

D. Cohort

93
Q

John and Anna have been having marital disputes which they refuse to confront and instead they overly express concern for their adolescent daughter’s defiant behavior. What family process is described in this sitaution ?

A. Enmeshment
B. Triangulation
C. Disengagement
D. Rigidity
E. None of the above

A

B. Triangulation

94
Q

Which of the following diseases is found exclusively among persons who have worked with or have been exposed to asbestos?

A. Bronchogenic carcinoma
B. Angiosarcoma
C. Laryngeal carcinoma
D. Pleural mesothelioma
E. Multiple myeloma

A

D. Pleural mesothelioma

95
Q

Detouring conflict between 2 people by involving a third person thereby stabilizing the relationship betweem the original pair

A

Triangulation

96
Q

You are conducting a study that will examine the relationship between the gender and nutritional status of a certain population. What statistical test would be most appropriate?

A. Chi square test
B. Regression analysis
C. Student T test
D. Multiple regression
E. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

A

A. Chi square test

97
Q

Which of the following herbal medicines is recommended by the DOH for its use to lower blood uric acid levels?

A. Akapulko
B. Bayabas
C. Yerbabuena
D. Ulasimangbato
E. Niyog-niyogan

A

D. Ulasimangbato

98
Q

Which of the following clinical manifestations is not associated with congenital rubella syndrome?

A. Cataracts
B. Hutchinson’s teeth
C. Sensorineural deafness
D. Microcephaly
E. Pulmonic stenosis

A

B. Hutchinson’s teeth

99
Q

Patients with pancreatic cancer were matched with controls by age, sex, place of residence and social class. Two groups were noted according to the frequency of cigarette smoking. This is what type of study?

A. Prospective cohort
B. Case report
C. Clinical trial
D. Cross sectional
E. Case control

A

E. Case control

100
Q

Which of the following refers to the constant presence of a very high incidence of disease or infection in a given geographical area?

A. Hyperendemic
B. Endemic
C. Epidemic
D. Pandemic
E. None of the above

A

A. Hyperendemic

101
Q

Which of the following best characterizes an emphatic response of a physician?

A. One which shows the interviewer’s feeling to be the same as that of the patient
B. One which names the patient’s feelings and shows approval that the feeling is the correct one
C. One which recognizes the patient’s feelings and allows the patient to have the feeling
D. One that names the patient’s feelings and points out the rationale for the feeling
E. All of the above

A

C. One which recognizes the patient’s feelings and allows the patient to have the feeling

102
Q

Which of the following health indices serves as a sensitive index of health in the community?

A. Maternal Mortality Rate
B. Infant Mortality Rate
C. Specific Mortality Rate
D. Crude Death Rate
E. Crude Birth Rate

A

B. Infant Mortality Rate

103
Q

Which of the following is not considered as a possible risk factor for the development of colon cancer?

A. Diet high in animal fat
B. Obesity and insulin resistance
C. Irritable bowel syndrome
D. Familial polyposis
E. Ulcerative colitis

A

C. Irritable bowel syndrome

104
Q

A medical student is conducting a study regarding the comparison of blood glucose level before and after ingestion of one pint of ice cream. Which of the following statistical analysis would be most appropriate?

A. Fishers exact test
B. Analysis of variance
C. Linear regression
D. Multiple regression
E. Paired T test

A

E. Paired T test

105
Q

Within 4 hours after attending a village banquet, 25 individuals experienced a sudden onset of nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps. What is the most likely infectious agent responsible for the symptoms?

A. Clostridium perfringens
B. Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
C. Salmonella typhimurium
D. Staphylococcus aureus
E. Clostridium botulinum

A

D. Staphylococcus aureus

106
Q

Which of the following physical characteristics of water is the most important impediment to disinfection?

A. Color
B. Viscosity
C. Turbidity
D. Temperature
E. Density

A

C. Turbidity

107
Q

Which of the following parameters in the APGAR measures the capability of the family to utilize and share resources?

A. Adaptation
B. Partnership
C. Growth
D. Affection
E. Resolve

A

A. Adaptation

108
Q

In order to obtain a sample population, a researcher assembled individuals to some order and are then selected according to a constant determinant (every 7th subject is selected). What sampling procedure was done by the researcher?

A. Paired sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Symple sampling
D. Stratified sampling
E. Systematic sampling

A

E. Systematic sampling

109
Q

The presence of petechiae, sore gums, hematuria, and joint or bone pain is associated with deficiency of what vitamin?

A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B1
D. Vitamin E
E. Vitamin K

A

B. Vitamin C

110
Q

Which of the following is an effective means of preventing trichinosis in humans?

A. Skin testing of hogs with Trichinella antigen prior to slaughter
B. Attention to proper disposal of hog feces
C. Cooking pork to ensure that all parts reach a
temperature of at least 40 degree celsius
D. Prohibiting the marketing of garbage fed hogs
E. All of the above

A

D. Prohibiting the marketing of garbage fed hogs

111
Q

The Dangerous Drug Act of 2002 is otherwise known as which of the following?

A. RA 9288
B. RA 9165
C. RA 7875
D. RA 9257
E. None of the above

A

B. RA 9165

112
Q

RA 9288

A

Newborn screening

113
Q

RA 7875

A

National Health Insurance Act of 1995

114
Q

RA 9257

A

Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003

115
Q

An infant born to a Hepatitis B infected mother should receive a hepatitis B immune globulin within how many hours after birth?

A. 24hours
B. 96hours
C. 12hours
D. 48hours
E. 6hours

A

C. 12hours

116
Q

Dwarfism, hepatosplenomegaly and poor wound healing may indicate deficieny of which of the following minerals?

A. Zinc
B. Copper
C. Fluorine
D. Manganese
E. Sodium

A

A. Zinc

preventive medicine (10 decks)

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