3 socialism key thinkers Flashcards
marx and engels
main work?
- the communist manifesto 1848
the main ideas of Marx and Engels
what is history’s final destination?
- communism
the main ideas of Marx and Engels
capitalism will eventually only leave what?? who benefitting from it? what ab the proletariat?
b v p
- the bourgeoisie only benefitting
vast majority of individuals will form the proletariat, who will realise their exploitation and achieve class consciousness.
the main ideas of Marx and Engels
liberal democracy was what? why? what did the state use to weaken class consciousness?
- liberal democracy was a democratic swindle because the state was controlled by the bourgeoisie
- state used religion, patriotism, enfranchisement, parliament, and social reforms to weaken class consciousness.
the main ideas of Marx and Engels
what did marx/engels believe about communism?
- it was inevitable
the ‘transitional phase’ (dictatorship of the proletariat) will occur aftre they overthrow capitalism
After this, the state will wither away and a stateless communist society will emerge based off common ownership
the main ideas of Beatrice Webb
what was her main idea? ‘TIOG’
what does democracy work in the interests of?
- the inevitablity of gradualness
socialism will emerge naturally through enfranchisement as this leads to political equality - dmeocracy works in the interests of the working class.
the main ideas of Beatrice Webb
how will capitalism be overthrown?
BB
- Ballot box rather than revolution
- working class wil vote for socialist parties that will instigate their ideas, resulting in a socialist society.
the main ideas of Beatrice Webb
what is vital to socialism? who will run society?
s
- the expansion of the STATE
- they will train elite administrators that will organise society
the main ideas of Beatrice Webb
what was Webbs work?
- The Minority Report of the Poor Law commission 1909
the main ideas of Beatrice Webb
The Minority Report of the Poor Law Commission 1909
what did it advocate for? Beveridge and Webb?
- the expansion of the welfare state
- many of her ideas later appeared in the Beveridge Report of 1942
- Beveridge was employed as a researcher on Webbs report and later wrote work stemming from this
the main ideas of Beatrice Webb
how can workers control be achieved?
what did webb think of revolution? (quote)
- by evolutionary means
- Webb thinks of revolutionary means as ‘chaotic, inefficient, and counter-productive’
the main ideas of Anthony Crosland
main work
- the future of socialism 1956
the main ideas of Anthony Crosland
how did he criticise Marx’s view of capitalist development
- he argued it didn’t achieve social change as internal tensions required in marx’s dialectic of historical materialism were not present in post-war capitalism
the main ideas of Anthony Crosland
how is socialism best served?
- ‘state managed capitalism’ of a mixed economy rather than public ownership
the main ideas of Anthony Crosland
how is equality of opportunity obtained for Crosland?
- equality of education in state schools
the main ideas of Anthony Crosland
How did Crosland describe the existing educational systems?
quote: T M D, U A W O A T S A O I
‘the most devisive, unjust and wasteful of all the social aspects of inequality’
the main ideas of Anthony Crosland
keynesian economics?
- made state-managed capitalism real and allows full employment and economic growth
the main ideas of Anthony Giddens
key works
Beyond Left and Right 1994
The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy 1998
the main ideas of Anthony Giddens
free market capitalism?
- empowers society and is irreversible
- socialism should collect the benefits of a free market while neutralising the negative effects it has on the community
the main ideas of Anthony Giddens
how can neo-liberal’s ideas of the free market and individualism be justified?
- social democracys emphasis on community adn social justice
the main ideas of Anthony Giddens
individuals rights in society?
- individuals have both rights and responsibilities.
the main ideas of Anthony Giddens
what does third way socialism prioritise on state spending?
- infrastructure, while focusing on equality of opportunity
the main ideas of Anthony Giddens
how would greater opportunity be achieved? what would active welfare facilitate?
- greater opportunity: prudent taxation of free market wealth
- active welfare would facilitate social inclusiveness and provide more opportunities for the disadvantaged
the main ideas of Rosa Luxemburg
how were her ideas differnt to marx/engels
- she adapted their ideas
- she advocated for democracy and free elections to continue in a post-revolutionary communist society.
