3: INFORMATION PRIVACY AND IT ETHICS Flashcards by Jaime Unknown

It refers to the inequalities that exist between groups of people in relation to access, use and knowledge of information and communication technologies (ICTs)

Digital Divide

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refers to the growing gap between the underprivileged members of society, especially the poor, rural, elderly, and handicapped portion of the population who do not have access to computers or the internet

Digital Divide

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multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses the following three distinct facets; global, social and democratic divide

Digital Divide

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Causes of digital divide

education, income levels, geographic restrictions, motivation and general interest, and digital literacy.

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outcomes generated by the digital divide

impact on economy, education, social domains, and society.

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narrowing the digital gap

○ increase digital literacy
○ develop relevant and local content in addition to telecommunications infrastructure
○ establish workable partnerships between all information and communication technology stakeholders
○ promote innovations geared towards overcoming the digital divide

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we mean a branch of moral philosophy –a sense of rightness or wrongness of actions, motives and the results of these actions

Ethics

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It identifies good or evil, just or unjust, fair or unfair practices, about moral duty.

Ethics

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It is well-based standards that a person should do, concerning rights, obligations, fairness, benefits to society and so on.

Ethics

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refer to the important and enduring beliefs or principles, based on which an individual makes judgements in life.

Moral Values

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It is at the center of our lives which act as a standard of behavior.

Moral Values

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They severely affect the emotional state of mind of an individual.

Moral Values

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They can be personal values, cultural values or corporate values

Moral Values

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structure of standards and practices that influences how people lead their lives. Unline laws that legally mandate what is right or wrong

Ethics

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best action is the one that leas to the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest nukber of people

Utilitarianism

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creator of utilitarianiasm

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

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highest good was the good will

Kantianism

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intention behind an action rather than itsconsequences that make that action good

Kantianism

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Moral behaviour is a duty. Persons of good will do their duty because it is their duty and for no other reasons

Kantianism

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set of moral standards that govern the use of computers

Computer Ethics

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society’s views about the use of computers, both hardware and software

Computer Ethics

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Common issues of computer ethics

Privacy concerns, intellectual property rights and effects on the society

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the science of information feedback systems.

Cybernetics, 1940-1950

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published his monumental book, the “The Human Use of Human Beings”

Norbert Wiener, 1940-1950

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Who perceptively foresaw revolutionary social and ethical consequences?

Norbert Wiener, 1940-1950

This book is a comprehensive foundation which remains today a powerful basis for “Computer Ethics” research and analysis.

The Human Use of HumanBeings, 1940-1950

Who began to examine unethical and illegal uses of computers by computer professionals?

Donn Parker, 1960

published book Communications of the ACM in 1968.

Rules of Ethics in Information Processing, 1960

Who went on to produce books, articles, speeches and workshops that relaunched the field of computer ethics?

Donn Parker, 1960

Who was shocked at the reactions people had to his simple computer program?

Joseph Weizenbaum, late 1960's

a book plus the courses he offered at MIT and the many speeches he gave around the country in the 1970s, inspired many thinkers and projects in computer ethics.

Weizenbaum's book, late 1960's

What is the impact of the Weizenbaum's book to the people?

inspired many thinkers and projects in computer ethics

Who began to use the term "computer Ethics" to refer to that field of inquiry dealing with ethical problems aggravated, transformed, or created by computer technology?

Walter Maner,mid 1970's

What did Walter Maner began?

began to use the term "computer Ethics"

It refers to that field of inquiry dealing with ethical problems aggravated, transformed, or created by computer technology

Computer Ethics

What did Walter Maner self-published and disseminated?

Starter Kit in Computer Ethics., mid 1970's

What happened during the mid 1980's?

- Proliferation of computer-enabled crime, and computer failures - Major law suits regarding Software ownership, because of the work of Parker, Weizenbaum, Maner, etc. - Invasions of privacy via computer databases. - Books in computer ethics

When did the increase in the number of computer professionals organization happen?

mid 1990s

Primary Computer Ethics Issues

Privacy, Accuracy, Property, Cybercrime, and Access

responsibility to protect data about individuals.

Privacy

the responsibility of data collectors to authenticate information and ensure its accuracy.

Accuracy

who owns information and software and how they can be sold and exchanged.

Property

crime that involves a computer and a network.

Cybercrime

the responsibility of data collectors to control access and determine what information a person has the right to obtain about others and how the information can be used.

Access

means Malicious software. It was created to impair a computer system.

Malware

These are the common malware

viruses, spyware, worms, and trojan horses

software that tracks your online movements, mines the information stored on your computer, or uses your computer for some task you know nothing about.

Spyware

also known as information privacy or data privacy (Republic Act 10173 – Data Privacy Act of 2012),

Data Protection

Philippine Law for data protection

Republic Act 10173 – Data Privacy Act of 2012

is the process of safeguarding data which intends to influence a balance between individual privacy rights while still authorizing data to be used for business purposes.

Data protection

a way of keeping the user's identity masked through various applications

Anonymity

Terminologies and issues on privacy

Malware, Spyware, Data Protection, Anonymity

Terminologies and issues on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

form of intellectual property that gives proprietary publication, distribution, and usage rights for the author

means that whatever idea the author created cannot be employed or disseminated by anyone else without the permission of the author.

creations protected by law.

Intellectual Property

an act of copying and publishing another person's work without proper citation. It's like stealing someone else's work and releasing it as your own work.

Plagiarism

allows the use of digital material by following the license agreement. Ownership remains with the original copyright owner, and users are just granted licenses to use the material based on the agreement.

Software License

copying of copyrighted pictures or text from web pages.

Infringement

illegal software copying

Piracy

work or products belonging to a business, not in public domain

Trade Secret

legal document granting owner exclusive monopoly on an invention for 17 yrs.

Patent

Types of Software License

Terminologies and issues on cybercrime

Cybercrime, Fraud, Hacking

a crime where a computer is the object of the crime or is used as a tool to commit an offense.

Cybercrime

Catergories of Cybercrime

- Crimes that target networks or devices - Crimes using devices to participate in criminal activities

Crimes using devices to participate in criminal activities

phishing emails, cyberstalking, and identity theft.

Crimes that target networks or devices

viruses, malware, dos attacks.

general term used to describe a cybercrime that intends to deceive a person to gain essential data or information.

Fraud

can be done by altering, destroying, stealing, or suppressing any information to secure an unlawful or unfair gain.

Fraud

involves the partial or complete acquisition of specific functions within a system, network, or website.

Hacking

aims to access to essential data and information, breaching privacy

Hacking

What do most hackers attack?

corporate and government accounts.

Most common types of cybercrime acts

Identity Theft, Scam, Virus, Ransomware, DDOS Attack, Botnet, Spamming, Phishing, Cyberstalking, Cyberbullying, Child Pornography

specific form of fraud in which cybercriminals steal personal data, including passwords, data about the bank account, credit cards, debit cards, social security, and other sensitive information.

Identity Theft

can be done by offering computer repair, network troubleshooting, and IT support services, forcing users to shell out hundreds of money for cyber problems that do not even exist.

Scam

mostly, highly-skilled programs send viruses, malware, and Trojan, among others, to infect and destroy computers, networks, and systems.

Virus

one of the most destructive malware-based attacks. It enters your computer network and encrypts files and information through public-key encryption.

Ransomware

one of the most popular methods of hacking. It temporarily or completely interrupts servers and networks that are successfully running.

DDOS Attack or Distributed Denial of Service Attack

Full term of DDOS Attack

Distributed Denial of Service Attack

are controlled by remote attackers called “bot herders” in order to attack computers by sending spams or malware.

Botnet

These are remote attackers that control the botnet

bot herders

uses electronic messaging systems, most commonly emails in sending messages that host malware, fake links of websites, and other malicious programs.

Spamming

They use “email spoofing” to extract confidential information such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, passwords, etc.

Phising

The stalker will virtually follow the victim, including his or her activities. Most of the victims of cyberstalking are women and children being followed by men and pedophiles.

Cyberstalking

one of the most rampant crimes committed in the virtual world. It is a form of bullying carried over to the internet.

Cyberbullying

this cybercrime involves the exploitation of children in the porn industry.

Child Pornography