3- FACTORS AFFECTING WINE

Question 1

What does a vine need to produce healthy crops? (5)

Answer 1

1. CO2
2. Sunlight
3. Warmth
4. Water
5. Nutrients

Question 2

Climates suitable for wine production can be divided into 3 categories.

Answer 2

Hot, moderate, cool

Question 3

What are 2 other factors to consider for climate?

Answer 3

Altitude and oceans

Question 4

How does hot climate affect alcohol, body, tannin, acidity?

Answer 4

More alcohol, fuller body, more tannin, less acidity

Question 5

How does cold climate affect alcohol, body, tannin, acidity?

Answer 5

Less alcohol, lighter body, less tannin, more acidity

Question 6

What is the role of sunlight?

Answer 6

Allows grape to combine CO2 with water to make sugar

Question 7

Too much water causes…

Answer 7

The grapes to be diluted (less alcohol, body, flavour)

Question 8

How does too cool/too hot weather affect grapes?

Answer 8

Sugar production slows/stops

Question 9

What is the optimal temperate zone for wine?

Answer 9

30 to 50 degrees from the equator

Question 10

What are the 2 main factors affecting quality of raw grape material?

Answer 10

1. Degree of care in vineyard

2. Control of yields

Question 11

Vineyard activities include (3)

Answer 11

Pruning, controlling bunches per vine, positioning of grapes to expose sunlight

Question 12

Lower yields result in..

Answer 12

Riper grapes

Question 13

What is the most important of the winemaking process?

Answer 13

Fermentation

Question 14

What is fermentation?

Answer 14

When yeasts feed on sugars to produce alcohol, CO2, and heat.

Question 15

What is the general process of winemaking?

Answer 15

1. Crush
2. Press
3. Ferment
4. Mature
5. Bottle

Question 16

What is the general process of winemaking?

Answer 16

1. Crush
2. Press
3. Ferment
4. Mature
5. Bottle

Question 17

What temperature is white wine fermented at? Why? How long does fermentation typically take?

Answer 17

12-22 degrees C. SAME AS ROSE! To preserve delicate fruit aromas.
2-4 weeks

Question 18

What temperature is red wine fermented at?

Answer 18

20-32 degrees C.

Question 19

What are the 2 methods to keep red wine in contact with the skins?

Answer 19

pumping over and punching down

Question 20

Where does sweetness in wine come from?

Answer 20

Unfermented sugars

Question 21

What is pressed wine?

Answer 21

After free run wine is drawn off, skins are pressed further to produce wine with higher tannin levels, which may be blended with other wines

Question 22

What are 3 ways to add oak (other than barrels)

Answer 22

Staves, chip, oak essence

Question 23

What flavour does European oak give? American?

Answer 23

Subtle toasty and nutty, smoother tannins

Sweet coconut and vanilla, harsher tannins

Question 24

Maturation WITH oxygen adds..

Answer 24

toffee, fig, nut, and coffee to develop

softens tannins

Question 25

Maturation WITHOUT oxygen add..

Answer 25

fresh fruit turn into cooked fruit, vegetal notes, animal notes