3 - Evaluation of Physical Fitness/ Growth & Development Flashcards
what are the components of health related physical fitness?
- cardio respiratory endurance
- muscular strength
- muscular endurance
- muscular power
- flexibility
- body compostion
what are the objectives of physical fitness testing?
- progress
- motivation
- success of training program
- status of individual
what are the characteristics of a good physical fitness test?
- validity
- reliability
- objectivity
- accuracy
- norms
- economy
def: the progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity, including the attendant increases in size
growth
do all parts of the human body grow at the same rate?
no
what are the stages of postnatal growth?
- neonatal period
- infancy
- childhood
- adolescence
- adulthood
how long is the neonatal period?
from birth to the end of four weeks
how long is infancy?
from the end of neonatal until 2 years
how long is childhood?
from infancy to adolescence. depends on person because puberty starts at different times
when do children typically experience a growth spurt?
pre-adolescence
how long is adolescence?
around age 9 in girls or 11 in boys until 17-18 years of age
what are the two types of growth curves?
distance curve, velocity curve
what are the two types of data used in growth curves?
longitudinal data - one individual or same group over a period of years
cross sectional data - measurements of several children in each group combined
what is the most important difference between boys and girls?
the rate of maturity
who grows up faster - boys or girls?
girls
before the adolescent growth spurt. there is _____ difference between the average height of boys and girls
little
what is the difference in maturation in boys and girls at puberty?
2 years
when is the height balance in girls and boys redressed?
14 years of age
when is the mean growth takeoff age in boys in North America?
11 years old
when is the mean growth takeoff age in girls in North America?
9 years old
when is the peak height velocity in boys?
13.5 years
when is the peak height velocity in girls?
11.5 years
what comes after a growth spurt?
rapid slowing of growth
why do males end up taller than females?
because they have two more years of growth before the growth spurt where their legs grow faster
the peak velocity for the spurt in weight is ______ than the peak velocity for height by about 3 months
slower
def: a condition of the bones where they become thin and brittle due to decreased mineral content, which makes them susceptible to fracture
osteoporosis
the need for _____ during peak linear growth is substantial
calcium
when is the critical time for bone mineral accumulation?
adolescence
describe the shape of an infant
large head
lower limbs are much less developed at birth than upper limbs
at all ages, more _____ parts of the limbs are in advance of the more _____ parts
peripheral, central
T or F - bones in the cranial vault grow faster than face bones
false
in the later stages of the adolescent spurt, there is ______ of growth rather than ______
laterality, linearity
def: refers to the period at which the testes, prostate gland and seminal vesicles or the breasts, uterus and vagina, suddenly enlarge
puberty
def: refers to the onset of menstruation, occurs relatively late in puberty when the height velocity is falling
menarche
in females, when is puberty considered complete?
not until sexual maturity has been attained
what are the two common areas used in determining radiological age? why?
the wrist and hand, large number of centers of ossification
at every chronological age up to full maturity, the radiological age of girls is in advance of that of boys by a factor of about ____ percent or more
20
what is the name of the universal standard for classifying sexual maturity?
the “tanner” stages of sexual maturity
menarche is more closely related to ______ age than to chronological age
radiological
what are the five types of skeletal development?
- average maturation and adult height
- early maturation, tall child not adult
- early maturation and genetically tall
- late maturation - small child, average adult
- late maturation and genetically short
what are the three categories of fundamental movements?
body management
locomotor skills
object control skills
what are factors influencing growth and maturation?
- genetic control
- nutrition
- secular trends
- season and climate
- differences between races
