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Anatomy > 3. Cells > Flashcards

3. Cells Flashcards

1
Q

A ____ junction is the seal between cells

A

tight

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2
Q

A ____ junction deals with the movement of ions

A

gap

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3
Q

The ____ ER is studded with ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis

A

Rough

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4
Q

The ____ ER synthesizes phospholipids, steroid hormone, regulates concentration of cellular Ca++, and breaks down certain. toxins

A

Smooth

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5
Q

The ____ manipulates products from the Rough ER, and also produces organelles called ____

A

Golgi Apparatus; Lysosomes

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6
Q

____ are the only organelle that are not membranous

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

A ____ is a vesicle of a digestive enzyme that allows the cell to decompose larger particles of food into smaller molecules so that they can be utilized by the cells synthesis

A

Lysosome

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8
Q

Programmed cell death is also called ____

A

Apoptosis

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9
Q

____ are membrane-bound organelles that contain an abundance of enzymes for detoxifying harmful substances and lipid metabolism

A

Peroxisome

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10
Q

The cytoskeleton consists of:

A
  1. Microtubules
  2. Microfilaments
  3. Intermediate filaments
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11
Q

The ____ plays an important role in maintaining cell shape and structure, promoting cellular movement and aiding in cell division

A

Cytoskeleton

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12
Q

A ____ is a microtubule assembly area

A

centriole

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13
Q

A ____ plasma membrane protein allows specific substances to move through

A

Channel

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14
Q

A ____ plasma membrane protein transports specific substances across membrane by changing shape and using energy

A

Transporter

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15
Q

A ____ plasma membrane protein recognizes specific ligand and alter cell’s function in some way. (Lock and key)

A

Receptor

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16
Q

A ____ anchors filaments inside and outside to plasma membrane. It provides stability and shape for the cell and it can aid in cell movement

A

Linker

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17
Q

Channel proteins are ____ than carrier proteins

A

less selective

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18
Q

In ____, which is relatively nonselective, the cell takes in a large particle

A

Phagocytosis

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19
Q

In ____, the cell takes in small particles in fluid

A

Pintocytosis

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20
Q

In ____, which is quite selective, when external receptors bind a specific ligand, the cell responds by endocytosing the ligand

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

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21
Q

In ____, material destined for export is packaged into a vesicle inside the cell. The membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, and the contents are released into the extracellular space

A

Exocytosis

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22
Q

Molecules that cannot cross the plasma membrane on their own can do so by binding to a ____ to facilitate diffusion

A

Carrier Molecule

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23
Q

____ is diffusion of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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24
Q

Active Transport is movement from an area of ____ concentration to a ____ concentration

A

lesser; greater

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25
Q

In Active Transport, ____ is required

(Ex. Sodium pump)

A

energy

26
Q

The rate of diffusion can be increased by:

A
  1. A greater concentration differnces between the areas
  2. A smaller molecular weight
  3. A greater cross-section of the diffusion pathway
  4. A higher temperature (due to an increases molecular motility)
27
Q

Red blood cells in a Isotonic solution will have a ____ shape

A

normal

28
Q

Red blood cells in a hypotonic solution will undergo ____

A

hemolysis

29
Q

Red blood cells in a hypertonic solution will undergo ____

A

crenation

30
Q

Strands of DNA are wrapped around supporting ____

A

histones

31
Q

The DNA double helix is composed of two complementary strands. The strands are bonded together via their nitrogenous base pairs using ____ bonds

A

hydrogen

32
Q

DNA replication is said to be ____

A

semiconservative

33
Q

The two major phases of the cell cycle include ____ and ____

A

mitosis; interphase

34
Q

Interphase can be divided into ____, ____, and ____ phases

A

G1, S, G2

35
Q

____ and ____ control whether or not the cell is prepared to move onto the next stage in the cell cycle

A

Cyclins; Kinases

36
Q

Kinases add ____ to molecules

A

phosphorus

37
Q

In ____,

  1. Chromosomes condense and become visible
  2. Spindle fibers emerge from the centromeres
  3. Nuclear envelope breaks down
  4. Centrosomes move toward opposite poles
A

Prophase

38
Q

In ____

  1. Chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate
  2. Each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles
A

Metaphase

39
Q

In ____

  1. Centrosomes split in two
  2. Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles
  3. Certain spindle fibers begin to elongate the cell
    - Kinetochore
    - Polar
    - Astral
A

Anaphase

40
Q

In ____

  1. Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense
  2. Nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes
  3. The mitotic spindle breaks down
  4. Spindle fibers continue to push poles apart
A

Telophase

41
Q
A

Prophase

42
Q
A

Metaphase

43
Q
A

Anaphase

44
Q
A

Telophase

45
Q

____ RNA forms the protein assembly area in the cell

A

Ribosomal (r-RNA)

46
Q

____ RNA is generated in the nucleus when the genetic code for the protein is copied by RNA from the nicleolus

A

Messenger (mRNA)

47
Q

____ RNA carries amino acids in the cytoplasm and plugs into mRNA code on the ribosome to plaxe amino acids into the particular order or sequence to make the protein

A

Transfer (tRNA)

48
Q

The ribosome is a ____ subunut structure. It is made up of a ____ and ____ subunit.

A

2; Large; Small

49
Q

The fluid mosaic model is a concept which relates specifically to the structure of the ____

A

Cell membrane

50
Q

The protein which wraps around DNA to. form a material called ____ is called ____

A

Chromatin; histone

51
Q

Gap junctions are important in ____

A

cardiac muscle

52
Q

____ hold digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

53
Q

____ = Lipid Synthesis

A

Smooth ER

54
Q

____ = Vesicle Transprort

A

Cytoskeleton

55
Q

____ increase bsorptive area

A

Microvilli

56
Q

Organelles known as ____ are found in large numbers in liver cells and serve to detoxify products of cellular respiration

A

Peroxisomes

57
Q

Microfilaments known as ____ help maintain and give shape to the cell

A

actin tubules

58
Q

Placing red blood cells in a saline solution of 6% would most likely

A

induce crenation

59
Q

In the S stage of interphase, DNA polymerase would

A

Cause formation of covalent bonds between nucleotides

60
Q

Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes occurs in

A

Prophase

61
Q

Cyclins are important because they…

A

increase the activity of kinases

62
Q

____ are the three base sequences on mRNA that direct amino acid position in proteins

A

Codons

Anatomy (17 decks)

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