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Anatomy > 1. Introductory Topics > Flashcards

1. Introductory Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Displayed is an image of a woman missing her Great Toe. The prosthetic toe displayed a great deal of wear on the bottom, which indicated what

A

It had been used by the wearer for a long time

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2
Q

The ____ is particularly important to balance

A

Great Toe

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3
Q

The ____ ____ is among the earliest eamples of a prothesis, or artificial body part and it indicates that some early cultures ____

A

Great Toe; had an understanding for human anatomy

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4
Q

____ is the “Father of Medicine”

A

Galen

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5
Q

A ____ is a wax sculpture of a human representing anatomy

A

Venerina, meaning “Little Venus”

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6
Q

____ is defined as: The scientific study of the structure and shape of organs and systems of the human body and their structural relationship to one another

A

Anatomy

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7
Q

There is a close relationship between the ____ system and the ____ system

A

Respiratory; Cardiac

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8
Q

____ is defined as: A scientific study of the functions of the parts of the human body and the interaction of anatomic systems froming the human body as a whole

A

Physiology

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9
Q

The ____ is where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

A

Alveolar Sac

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10
Q

Oxygen from inspired air diffuses into blood vessels while ____ diffuses from the blood into the ____ to exit the body through expiration

A

Carbon Dioxide; Alveolus

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11
Q

Form is related to ____

A

function

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12
Q

The ____ is the basic unit of the anatomical level

A

Cell

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13
Q

List the hierarchy of anatomical levels

A

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Organism

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14
Q

Tissues are comprised of many ____

A

Cells

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15
Q

Organs are comprised of many ____

A

Tissues

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16
Q

Organ systems are comprised of many ____

A

Organs

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17
Q

Organisms are comprised of many ____

A

Organ Systems

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18
Q

The ____ system is the largest organ system in the body

A

Integumentary

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19
Q

The ____ System encloses internal body structures and is the site of many sensory receptors

A

Integumentary

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20
Q

The Integumentary System keeps out ____

A

Bacteria

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21
Q

Hair, skin, and Nails are part of the ____ System

A

Inregumentary

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22
Q

The ____ System supports the body nd enables movement (with the muscular system).

A

Skeletal

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23
Q

The Skeletal System also stores 2-4 pounds of ____.

A

Calcium

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24
Q

The ____ System enables movement (with the skeletal system) and helps maintain body temperature

A

Muscular

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25
The ____ System detects and processes sensory information, and activates bodily responses
Nervous
26
Muscules generate movement by ____ up and pulling bones in diffetent directions
shortening
27
The Nervous System is fast-acting and is a ____ use system
high energy
28
The ____ System secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes
Endocrine
29
The Thyroid Gland produces \_\_\_\_
Thyroxine
30
This is the ____ System
Endorcrine
31
The ____ System delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body
Cardiovascular
32
The body communication systems are: The ____ System The ____ System
Nervous; Endocrine
33
The ____ System is the main transport system of the body
Cardiovascular
34
The ____ System returns fluid to blood, and defends against pathogens
Lymphatic
35
This is the ____ System
Lymphatic
36
The ____ System removes carbon dioxide from the body and delivers oxygen to blood
Respiratory
37
Each day, nearly 75% of our blood volume leaks out of the blood vessels into the tissues and it picked up by the ____ System which removes \_\_\_\_% of antigens from it
Lymphatic; 98
38
The ____ System processes food for use by the body and removes wastes from undigested food. Food processing and nutrient preparation system.
Digestive
39
The ____ System controls water balance in the body and removes wastes from blood and excretes them through \_\_\_\_
Urinary; Urea
40
This is the ____ System
Urinary
41
The Digestive System also houses much of the ____ System
Immune
42
The ____ System is important in blood pressure maintance
Urinary
43
The ____ System produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female
Male Reproductive
44
The ____ System produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, and produces milk for infant
Female Reproductive
45
The goal of almost all body systems is to \_\_\_\_
maintain life
46
The goal of almost all body systems is to maintain life. In order to do this, several factors are needed: 1. \_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_ 5. \_\_\_\_
1. Warer 2. Food 3. Oxygen 4. Heat 5. Pressure
47
\_\_\_\_ is needed as a survival need because it is important in lubrication of tissues and joints, and it is a medium for which chemical reactions can occur
Water
48
\_\_\_\_ is needed as a survival need because it acts as an energy supply and body components can by synthesized
Food
49
\_\_\_\_ is needed as a survival need because it is critical in the production of ATP from glucose, it is also involved in t he composition of most organic chemicals
Oxygen
50
\_\_\_\_ is needed as a survival need because it is important in maintenance of body temperature, much of it is supplied as a consequence of ____ reactions
Heat; metabolic
51
\_\_\_\_ is needed as a survival need because it is only an issue when accessing high elevations
52
\_\_\_\_ describes the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even through the outside world is continually changing
Homeostasis
53
Most homeostatic control systems are ____ feedback systems
Negative
54
\_\_\_\_ feedback systems work by shutting off a body system
Negative
55
\_\_\_\_ feedback systems are rare in the human body because they tend to increase the original disturbance rather than correct it. (Ex. chid birth mechanism)
Positive
56
A negative feedback loop has four basic parts: 1. \_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_
1. Stimulus 2. Sensor 3. Control 4. Effector
57
The childbirth mechanism is a ____ feedback system
Positive. ## Footnote *A positive feedback loop results in a change in the body's status, rather than a return to homeostasis*
58
Above or toward the head end
Superior (cranial or cephalic)
59
Below or toward the tail end
Inferior (caudal)
60
Front
Anterior (ventral)
61
Back
Posterior (dorsal)
62
Toward the midline of the body
Medial
63
Away from the body midline
Lateal
64
Compares closeness of body components based on their closeness to the point of attachment of an appendage to the body
Proximal
65
The knee is ____ to the ankle
proximal
66
Compares distance of body components based on their dkstance from the point of attachment of an appendage to the body
Distal
67
The ____ plane divides the body into right and left sides
Sagittal
68
The ____ plane dicides the anterior from the posterior sides of the body
Frontal (coronal)
69
The ____ plane divides the body into upper and lower parts
Transverse (coss section)
70
Label the planes
71
Production of eggs and estrogen is a function of the \_\_\_\_
Ovaries
72
A group of cells which cooperae to carry out a specific function is called a \_\_\_\_
tissue
73
The median antecubital vein is located in the \_\_\_\_
front of elbow
74
The janitorial system of the body describes the ____ system
Lymphatic
75
Temperature sensors are classified as \_\_\_\_
receptors
76
\_\_\_\_ are the primary structures of the endocrine system
Glands

Anatomy (17 decks)

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