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Anatomy > 1. Introductory Topics > Flashcards

1. Introductory Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Displayed is an image of a woman missing her Great Toe. The prosthetic toe displayed a great deal of wear on the bottom, which indicated what

A

It had been used by the wearer for a long time

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2
Q

The ____ is particularly important to balance

A

Great Toe

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3
Q

The ____ ____ is among the earliest eamples of a prothesis, or artificial body part and it indicates that some early cultures ____

A

Great Toe; had an understanding for human anatomy

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4
Q

____ is the “Father of Medicine”

A

Galen

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5
Q

A ____ is a wax sculpture of a human representing anatomy

A

Venerina, meaning “Little Venus”

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6
Q

____ is defined as: The scientific study of the structure and shape of organs and systems of the human body and their structural relationship to one another

A

Anatomy

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7
Q

There is a close relationship between the ____ system and the ____ system

A

Respiratory; Cardiac

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8
Q

____ is defined as: A scientific study of the functions of the parts of the human body and the interaction of anatomic systems froming the human body as a whole

A

Physiology

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9
Q

The ____ is where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

A

Alveolar Sac

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10
Q

Oxygen from inspired air diffuses into blood vessels while ____ diffuses from the blood into the ____ to exit the body through expiration

A

Carbon Dioxide; Alveolus

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11
Q

Form is related to ____

A

function

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12
Q

The ____ is the basic unit of the anatomical level

A

Cell

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13
Q

List the hierarchy of anatomical levels

A

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Organism

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14
Q

Tissues are comprised of many ____

A

Cells

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15
Q

Organs are comprised of many ____

A

Tissues

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16
Q

Organ systems are comprised of many ____

A

Organs

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17
Q

Organisms are comprised of many ____

A

Organ Systems

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18
Q

The ____ system is the largest organ system in the body

A

Integumentary

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19
Q

The ____ System encloses internal body structures and is the site of many sensory receptors

A

Integumentary

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20
Q

The Integumentary System keeps out ____

A

Bacteria

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21
Q

Hair, skin, and Nails are part of the ____ System

A

Inregumentary

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22
Q

The ____ System supports the body nd enables movement (with the muscular system).

A

Skeletal

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23
Q

The Skeletal System also stores 2-4 pounds of ____.

A

Calcium

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24
Q

The ____ System enables movement (with the skeletal system) and helps maintain body temperature

A

Muscular

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25
Q

The ____ System detects and processes sensory information, and activates bodily responses

A

Nervous

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26
Q

Muscules generate movement by ____ up and pulling bones in diffetent directions

A

shortening

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27
Q

The Nervous System is fast-acting and is a ____ use system

A

high energy

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28
Q

The ____ System secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes

A

Endocrine

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29
Q

The Thyroid Gland produces ____

A

Thyroxine

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30
Q

This is the ____ System

A

Endorcrine

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31
Q

The ____ System delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body

A

Cardiovascular

32
Q

The body communication systems are:
The ____ System

The ____ System

A

Nervous;

Endocrine

33
Q

The ____ System is the main transport system of the body

A

Cardiovascular

34
Q

The ____ System returns fluid to blood, and defends against pathogens

A

Lymphatic

35
Q

This is the ____ System

A

Lymphatic

36
Q

The ____ System removes carbon dioxide from the body and delivers oxygen to blood

A

Respiratory

37
Q

Each day, nearly 75% of our blood volume leaks out of the blood vessels into the tissues and it picked up by the ____ System which removes ____% of antigens from it

A

Lymphatic; 98

38
Q

The ____ System processes food for use by the body and removes wastes from undigested food. Food processing and nutrient preparation system.

A

Digestive

39
Q

The ____ System controls water balance in the body and removes wastes from blood and excretes them through ____

A

Urinary; Urea

40
Q

This is the ____ System

A

Urinary

41
Q

The Digestive System also houses much of the ____ System

A

Immune

42
Q

The ____ System is important in blood pressure maintance

A

Urinary

43
Q

The ____ System produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female

A

Male Reproductive

44
Q

The ____ System produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, and produces milk for infant

A

Female Reproductive

45
Q

The goal of almost all body systems is to ____

A

maintain life

46
Q

The goal of almost all body systems is to maintain life.

In order to do this, several factors are needed:

  1. ____
  2. ____
  3. ____
  4. ____
  5. ____
A
  1. Warer
  2. Food
  3. Oxygen
  4. Heat
  5. Pressure
47
Q

____ is needed as a survival need because it is important in lubrication of tissues and joints, and it is a medium for which chemical reactions can occur

A

Water

48
Q

____ is needed as a survival need because it acts as an energy supply and body components can by synthesized

A

Food

49
Q

____ is needed as a survival need because it is critical in the production of ATP from glucose, it is also involved in t he composition of most organic chemicals

A

Oxygen

50
Q

____ is needed as a survival need because it is important in maintenance of body temperature, much of it is supplied as a consequence of ____ reactions

A

Heat; metabolic

51
Q

____ is needed as a survival need because it is only an issue when accessing high elevations

A
52
Q

____ describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even through the outside world is continually changing

A

Homeostasis

53
Q

Most homeostatic control systems are ____ feedback systems

A

Negative

54
Q

____ feedback systems work by shutting off a body system

A

Negative

55
Q

____ feedback systems are rare in the human body because they tend to increase the original disturbance rather than correct it. (Ex. chid birth mechanism)

A

Positive

56
Q

A negative feedback loop has four basic parts:

  1. ____
  2. ____
  3. ____
  4. ____
A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Sensor
  3. Control
  4. Effector
57
Q

The childbirth mechanism is a ____ feedback system

A

Positive.

A positive feedback loop results in a change in the body’s status, rather than a return to homeostasis

58
Q

Above or toward the head end

A

Superior (cranial or cephalic)

59
Q

Below or toward the tail end

A

Inferior (caudal)

60
Q

Front

A

Anterior (ventral)

61
Q

Back

A

Posterior (dorsal)

62
Q

Toward the midline of the body

A

Medial

63
Q

Away from the body midline

A

Lateal

64
Q

Compares closeness of body components based on their closeness to the point of attachment of an appendage to the body

A

Proximal

65
Q

The knee is ____ to the ankle

A

proximal

66
Q

Compares distance of body components based on their dkstance from the point of attachment of an appendage to the body

A

Distal

67
Q

The ____ plane divides the body into right and left sides

A

Sagittal

68
Q

The ____ plane dicides the anterior from the posterior sides of the body

A

Frontal (coronal)

69
Q

The ____ plane divides the body into upper and lower parts

A

Transverse (coss section)

70
Q

Label the planes

A
71
Q

Production of eggs and estrogen is a function of the ____

A

Ovaries

72
Q

A group of cells which cooperae to carry out a specific function is called a ____

A

tissue

73
Q

The median antecubital vein is located in the ____

A

front of elbow

74
Q

The janitorial system of the body describes the ____ system

A

Lymphatic

75
Q

Temperature sensors are classified as ____

A

receptors

76
Q

____ are the primary structures of the endocrine system

A

Glands

Anatomy (17 decks)

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