1. Introductory Topics Flashcards
Displayed is an image of a woman missing her Great Toe. The prosthetic toe displayed a great deal of wear on the bottom, which indicated what
It had been used by the wearer for a long time
The ____ is particularly important to balance
Great Toe
The ____ ____ is among the earliest eamples of a prothesis, or artificial body part and it indicates that some early cultures ____
Great Toe; had an understanding for human anatomy
____ is the “Father of Medicine”
Galen
A ____ is a wax sculpture of a human representing anatomy
Venerina, meaning “Little Venus”
____ is defined as: The scientific study of the structure and shape of organs and systems of the human body and their structural relationship to one another
Anatomy
There is a close relationship between the ____ system and the ____ system
Respiratory; Cardiac
____ is defined as: A scientific study of the functions of the parts of the human body and the interaction of anatomic systems froming the human body as a whole
Physiology
The ____ is where gas exchange occurs in the lungs
Alveolar Sac
Oxygen from inspired air diffuses into blood vessels while ____ diffuses from the blood into the ____ to exit the body through expiration
Carbon Dioxide; Alveolus
Form is related to ____
function
The ____ is the basic unit of the anatomical level
Cell
List the hierarchy of anatomical levels
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Tissues are comprised of many ____
Cells
Organs are comprised of many ____
Tissues
Organ systems are comprised of many ____
Organs
Organisms are comprised of many ____
Organ Systems
The ____ system is the largest organ system in the body
Integumentary
The ____ System encloses internal body structures and is the site of many sensory receptors
Integumentary
The Integumentary System keeps out ____
Bacteria
Hair, skin, and Nails are part of the ____ System
Inregumentary
The ____ System supports the body nd enables movement (with the muscular system).
Skeletal
The Skeletal System also stores 2-4 pounds of ____.
Calcium
The ____ System enables movement (with the skeletal system) and helps maintain body temperature
Muscular
The ____ System detects and processes sensory information, and activates bodily responses
Nervous
Muscules generate movement by ____ up and pulling bones in diffetent directions
shortening
The Nervous System is fast-acting and is a ____ use system
high energy
The ____ System secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes
Endocrine
The Thyroid Gland produces ____
Thyroxine
This is the ____ System
Endorcrine
The ____ System delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body
Cardiovascular
The body communication systems are:
The ____ System
The ____ System
Nervous;
Endocrine
The ____ System is the main transport system of the body
Cardiovascular
The ____ System returns fluid to blood, and defends against pathogens
Lymphatic
This is the ____ System
Lymphatic
The ____ System removes carbon dioxide from the body and delivers oxygen to blood
Respiratory
Each day, nearly 75% of our blood volume leaks out of the blood vessels into the tissues and it picked up by the ____ System which removes ____% of antigens from it
Lymphatic; 98
The ____ System processes food for use by the body and removes wastes from undigested food. Food processing and nutrient preparation system.
Digestive
The ____ System controls water balance in the body and removes wastes from blood and excretes them through ____
Urinary; Urea
This is the ____ System
Urinary
The Digestive System also houses much of the ____ System
Immune
The ____ System is important in blood pressure maintance
Urinary
The ____ System produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female
Male Reproductive
The ____ System produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, and produces milk for infant
Female Reproductive
The goal of almost all body systems is to ____
maintain life
The goal of almost all body systems is to maintain life.
In order to do this, several factors are needed:
- ____
- ____
- ____
- ____
- ____
- Warer
- Food
- Oxygen
- Heat
- Pressure
____ is needed as a survival need because it is important in lubrication of tissues and joints, and it is a medium for which chemical reactions can occur
Water
____ is needed as a survival need because it acts as an energy supply and body components can by synthesized
Food
____ is needed as a survival need because it is critical in the production of ATP from glucose, it is also involved in t he composition of most organic chemicals
Oxygen
____ is needed as a survival need because it is important in maintenance of body temperature, much of it is supplied as a consequence of ____ reactions
Heat; metabolic
____ is needed as a survival need because it is only an issue when accessing high elevations
____ describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even through the outside world is continually changing
Homeostasis
Most homeostatic control systems are ____ feedback systems
Negative
____ feedback systems work by shutting off a body system
Negative
____ feedback systems are rare in the human body because they tend to increase the original disturbance rather than correct it. (Ex. chid birth mechanism)
Positive
A negative feedback loop has four basic parts:
- ____
- ____
- ____
- ____
- Stimulus
- Sensor
- Control
- Effector
The childbirth mechanism is a ____ feedback system
Positive.
A positive feedback loop results in a change in the body’s status, rather than a return to homeostasis
Above or toward the head end
Superior (cranial or cephalic)
Below or toward the tail end
Inferior (caudal)
Front
Anterior (ventral)
Back
Posterior (dorsal)
Toward the midline of the body
Medial
Away from the body midline
Lateal
Compares closeness of body components based on their closeness to the point of attachment of an appendage to the body
Proximal
The knee is ____ to the ankle
proximal
Compares distance of body components based on their dkstance from the point of attachment of an appendage to the body
Distal
The ____ plane divides the body into right and left sides
Sagittal
The ____ plane dicides the anterior from the posterior sides of the body
Frontal (coronal)
The ____ plane divides the body into upper and lower parts
Transverse (coss section)
Label the planes
Production of eggs and estrogen is a function of the ____
Ovaries
A group of cells which cooperae to carry out a specific function is called a ____
tissue
The median antecubital vein is located in the ____
front of elbow
The janitorial system of the body describes the ____ system
Lymphatic
Temperature sensors are classified as ____
receptors
____ are the primary structures of the endocrine system
Glands
