3. Cell Metabolism Flashcards
The energy required to raise a molecule to its transition state to undergo a chemical reaction.
activation energy
The region of an enzyme that binds substrates and catalyzes an enzymatic reaction.
active site
ATP
adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)
The regulation of enzymes by small molecules that bind to a site distinct from the active site, changing the conformation and catalytic activity of the enzyme.
allosteric regulation
A series of reactions by which six molecules of CO2 are converted into glucose.
Calvin cycle
The major photosynthetic pigment of plant cells.
chlorophyll
A series of reactions in which acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO2. The central pathway of oxidative metabolism.
citric acid cycle
Low-molecular-weight organic molecules that work together with enzymes to catalyze biological reactions.
coenzyme
A coenzyme that functions as a carrier of acyl groups in metabolic reactions.
coenzyme A (CoA-SH)
The series of reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates during photosynthesis. See Calvin cycle.
dark reactions
A series of carriers through which electrons are transported from a higher to a lower energy state.
electron transport chain
A protein or RNA that catalyzes a biological reaction.
enzyme
A type of allosteric regulation in which the product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the activity of an enzyme involved in its synthesis.
feedback inhibition
A coenzyme that functions as an electron carrier in oxidation/reduction reactions.
flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2)
The thermodynamic function that combines the effects of enthalpy and entropy to predict the energetically favorable direction of a chemical reaction.
Gibbs free energy (G)
