3. Cardiovascular disease and risk

Question 1

Total cholesterol levels for healthy and high risk?

Answer 1

<5 and <4 mmol/L

Question 2

LDL levels healthy and high risk?

Answer 2

<3 and <2 mmol/L

Question 3

TG levels?

Answer 3

<1.7mmol/L

Question 4

HDL levels?

Answer 4

> 1 mmol/L

Question 5

4 high risk groups of CVD?

Answer 5

familial hypercholesterolaemia
aged over 75 years
family history of premature CHD
type 2 diabetes

Question 6

chylomicron apolipoprotein?

Answer 6

b48

Question 7

VLDL apolipoprotein? 3

Answer 7

b100, E, and C

Question 8

IDL apolipoprotein? 2

Answer 8

b100 and E

Question 9

LDL apolipoprotein?

Answer 9

b100

Question 10

lipoprotein A apolipoprotein?

Answer 10

b100

Question 11

HDL apolipoprotein?

Answer 11

AI and AII

Question 12

What does VLDL become?

Answer 12

IDL - LDL - LP(a) - SD-LDL

Question 13

3 things which atherosclerosis is characterised by?

Answer 13

1. lipid deposition in the intima
2. smooth muscle and ECM proliferation
3. production of a protruding fibrous plaque

Question 14

Define neoplasia, which occurs in atherosclerosis

Answer 14

abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle cells

Question 15

Which properties of an atheromatous plaque make it more likely to rupture? 3

Answer 15

large lipid core, thin fibrous cap and inflammatory cell infiltrates

Question 16

How do statins work?

Answer 16

inhibit HMG-CoA and stop synthesis of mevalonate, reduce the synthesis of cholesterol