1-2. Kidney structure and function Flashcards
Name 8 functions of the kidneys
- blood ionic composition
- blood pH
- blood volume
- blood pressure
- blood osmolarity
- excretion of waste
- hormone production
- glucose levels
What is the order in which blood travels into and out of the kidney?
renal artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery - afferent arteriole - glomerulus - efferent arteriole - peritubular capillary - interlobular vein - arcuate vein - interlobar vein - renal vein.
What are the 5 methods of renal regulation?
- renal sympathetic nerves
- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- ADH/arginine vasopressin
- ANP (atrial natriuetic peptide)
- PTH (parathyroid hormone)
What is the stimulus for renin release?
low blood volume and BP in the afferent arterioles - detected by juxtaglomerular cells
What does renin do?
leads to angiotensin II which is a powerful vasoconstrictor and increases reabsorption of Na+ Cl- and water by activating Na+/H+ antiporters.
what does angiotensin II do in relation to the adrenal cortex?
stimulate it to release aldosterone, which increases reabsorption of water
What are the stimuli for ADH/vasopressin and where is it released from?
increase in plasma osmolarity, decrease in arterial bp or bv.
from the posterior pituitary gland.
Where is ANP released from and what is the stimulus
from the heart
large increase in blood vol
what does ANP do?
inhibits reabsorption of Na+ and water into the blood at the pct and cd.
leads to increased urine output, thus decreasing blood vol and bp
what does the PTH do? 2
stimulates cells in the early DCT to reabsorb Ca back into the blood and inhibits HPO4- reabsorption in the pct.
Where is pth released from and why?
parathyroid glands, in response to lower Ca levels than usual
example of loop diuretic
frusemide
example of thiazide diuretic
diuril
